Search results for "Uses"
showing 10 items of 1614 documents
Clausole e principi generali nel diritto della proprietà intellettuale
2022
The application of the general clauses and principles to the matter of intellectual property
The Social Life of Viruses
2021
Despite their simplicity, viruses exhibit certain types of social interactions. Situations in which a given virus achieves higher fitness in combination with other members of the viral population have been described at the level of transmission, replication, suppression of host immune responses, and host killing, enabling the evolution of viral cooperation. Although cellular coinfection with multiple viral particles is the typical playground for these interactions, cooperation between viruses infecting different cells is also established through cellular and viral-encoded communication systems. In general, the stability of cooperation is compromised by cheater genotypes, as best exemplified…
Subsurface swimming and stationary diving are metabolically cheap in adult Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens).
2021
ABSTRACT Walruses rely on sea-ice to efficiently forage and rest between diving bouts while maintaining proximity to prime foraging habitat. Recent declines in summer sea ice have resulted in walruses hauling out on land where they have to travel farther to access productive benthic habitat while potentially increasing energetic costs. Despite the need to better understand the impact of sea ice loss on energy expenditure, knowledge about metabolic demands of specific behaviours in walruses is scarce. In the present study, 3 adult female Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) housed in professional care participated in flow-through respirometry trials to measure metabolic rates while…
Genetic Determinants in a Critical Domain of NS5A Correlate with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic Patients Infected with HCV Genotype 1b
2021
HCV is an important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV NS5A domain-1 interacts with cellular proteins inducing pro-oncogenic pathways. Thus, we explore genetic variations in NS5A domain-1 and their association with HCC, by analyzing 188 NS5A sequences from HCV genotype-1b infected DAA-naïve cirrhotic patients: 34 with HCC and 154 without HCC. Specific NS5A mutations significantly correlate with HCC: S3T (8.8% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.01), T122M (8.8% vs. 0.0%, p <
A Novel Approach to Identify Candidate Prognostic Factors for Hepatitis C Treatment Response Integrating Clinical and Viral Genetic Data
2015
The combined therapy of pegylated interferon (IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) has been for a long time the standard treatment for patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the case of genotype 1, only 38%–48% of patients have a positive response to the combined treatment. In previous studies, viral genetic information has been occasionally included as a predictor. Here, we consider viral genetic variation in addition to 11 clinical and 19 viral populations and evolutionary parameters to identify candidate baseline prognostic factors that could be involved in the treatment outcome. We obtained potential prognostic models for HCV subtypes la and lb in combination as well as separately. We …
Virus-nucleus interactions in late herpesvirus infection
2017
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) on alfaherpesviruksiin kuuluva vaipallinen, kaksijuosteista DNA:ta sisältävä virus. Kosketus- ja pisaratartuntana herkästi leviävä HSV-1 on maailmanlaajuisesti huomattava taudinaiheuttaja, sillä virusta kantaa arviolta 67 % väestöstä. Tartunta on elinikäinen. Latentissa vaiheessa HSV-1:n genomi säilyy aistihermojen hermosolmukkeissa. Viruksen aktivoituminen lyyttiseen lisääntymiskiertoon oireilee tyypillisesti rakkuloina kasvojen iholla ja limakalvoilla. HSV-1:n genomin replikoituminen ja uusien viruskapsidien muodostuminen tapahtuvat isäntäsolun tumassa, jossa viruksen rakentumisalue laajenee infektion edetessä. Samalla isäntäsolun kromatiini tiivistyy ja pak…
Amber Particles as Living Plant Cell Markers in Flow Cytometry / Dzintara Daļiņas Kā Dzīvu Augu Šūnu Marķieri Plūsmas Citometrijā
2015
Abstract The unique biological properties of amber are well known. Amber particles that penetrate into the cellular matrix can potentially be used as markers of plant cell biological activity by identification of living cells in flow cytometry. However, there have been no studies on effect of amber particles on plant cells. The aim of this study was to determine effect of amber nano- and micro- (5 nm-3 μm) particles on somatic and gametic cells and to assess the possibility to use amber particles as alive plant cells markers. To reach the aim, fluorescence of cells was determined in the presence of amber particles, and amber components - spirit of amber and sodium succinate dibasic hexahydr…
Łaźnie miejskie na przełomie XIX i XX w. w procesie poprawy zdrowia publicznego w miastach na Śląsku – wybrane przykłady
2017
W XIX w. na Śląsku nastąpił gwałtowny rozwój przemysłu. Towarzyszyły temu intensywne procesy urbanizacyjne oraz tworzenie się dużych skupisk ludzkich, które nigdy wcześniej nie przebiegały tak szybko i na tak dużą skalę. Eksplozja przemysłu sprzyjała migracjom ludności, a tym samym niekontrolowanemu rozprzestrzenianiu się wielu chorób, zaś praca w przemyśle, w złych warunkach sanitarno-higienicznych, odbijała się bardzo negatywnie na stanie zdrowia mieszkańców miast. Niedostatecznie wyposażone lub brakujące węzły sanitarne, zwłaszcza w szybko powstających, przeludnionych dzielnicach robotniczych, złe warunki życia oraz niedożywienie były przyczyną nasilania się problemów związanych z higien…
The Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Status and Problems
2022
Cancer is one of the main causes of disease-related deaths in the world. Although cancer treatment strategies have been improved in recent years, the survival time of cancer patients is still far from satisfied. Cancer immunotherapy, such as Oncolytic virotherapy, Immune checkpoints inhibition, Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cell therapy and macrophages genomic modification, has emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy for different kinds of cancer. However, many patients do not respond to the cancer immunotherapy which warrants further investigation to optimize this strategy. The clustered regularly interspaced short …
Classification of current anticancer immunotherapies.
2014
© 2014. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.