Search results for "VASODILATION"

Inflammation and impaired endothelium-dependant vasodilatation in non obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus: preliminary results

2013

International audience; BACKGROUND: To evaluate whether abnormal endothelial function, a common finding in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancies, can be explained by inflammatory cytokines. METHODS: Forearm skin blood flow (FSBF), into response to acetylcholine (Ach) (endothelium-dependent vasodilatation), were measured in 24 pregnant control subjects and 28 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women, in the third trimester of gestation. A fasting glycemic and lipidic panel was obtained, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) and adiponectin were also determined. RESULTS: FSBF is significantly reduced in GDM group compared with control subjects (344.59 +/- 57.791 vs.176.38…

NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and NG-nitro-L-arginine inhibit endothelium-dependent relaxations in human isolated omental arteries.

1991

Abstract The L-arginine analogues NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA, 10−4  m) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 10−4  m), which specifically inhibit the synthesis of nitric oxide from l-arginine, significantly reduced acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations in rings of human omental arteries. The inhibitory potency of l-NMMA and l-NAME was similar. Addition of l-NMMA or l-NAME to the organ bath did not induce any significant changes in the resting tension of the tissues. The effects of l-NMMA were reversed by l-arginine (3 × 10−4  m). The l-NMMA enantiomer, d-NMMA (10−4  m), did not influence either the basal tone of the preparation or the relaxing effects of acet…

Effects of soy isoflavones on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women.

2005

Objective: To evaluate the effects of soy isoflavone administration on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women. Design: Sixty naturally postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive isoflavone or placebo tablets for 6 months. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was measured by brachial reactivity technique along with levels of plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, P-selectin and soluble thrombomodulin, von Willebrand factor, and tissue plasminogen activator. Differences between endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation were assessed by evaluating brachial reactivity par…

LSC Abstract – Lung-derived prostacyclin (PGI) in endothelial dysfunction in db/db mice

2016

Aim: Increased risk of pulmonary hypertension and not clear response of pulmonary endothelium to diabetes were reasons to compare nitric oxide (NO) and PGI-dependent function in pulmonary and systemic circulation in diabetes type II. Methods: In fasted db mice (male, 20 weeks) we compared the function of pulmonary (isolated perfused lung-IPL) and aortic endothelium (wire myograph). It was supported by determination of nitrite(NO 2 - )/nitrate(NO 3 - ), PGI production, immunostaining (IMS) and western blot. Results: In diabetic IPL NO-dependent modulation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was impaired but filtration coefficient increased; response to U46619 was enhanced; cumulative gener…

Relationship between endothelial dysfunction, intima media thickness, hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors in asymptomatic subjects

2005

Microvascular blood flow changes of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle during sustained static exercise

2021

A practical assessment of the general health and microvascular function of the palm muscle, abductor pollicis brevis (APB), is important for the diagnosis of different conditions. In this study, we have developed a protocol and a probe to study microvascular blood flow using near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) in APB during and after thumb abduction at 55% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Near-infrared time resolved spectroscopy (TRS) was also used to characterize the baseline optical and hemodynamic properties. Thirteen (n=13) subjects were enrolled and subdivided in low MVC (N=6, MVC<2.3 kg) and high MVC (N=7, MVC≥2.3 kg) groups. After ruling out significant cha…

TNF-α blockade may lead to improvement of vascular function in psoriasis patients.

2021

Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases and at the same time a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-mediated inflammation in psoriasis may lead to vascular dysfunction. This study aimed at investigating whether anti-inflammatory treatment by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockade alters vascular function in psoriasis patients. A total of 11 patients with psoriasis who underwent treatment with either adalimumab (n = 8) or etanercept (n = 3), 10 healthy control individuals and 14 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were included in this study. Treatment response was assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) s…

Mathematical Modelling of Local Regulation of Blood Flow by Veno-Arterial Diffusion of Vasoactive Metabolites

1997

It is widely accepted that vasoactive substances which are consumed or produced by tissue metabolism play a role in the adjustment of local perfusion rate to the metabolic needs of the tissue. In order to evoke a response of the vascular system, these substances — in the following for simplicity denoted by “vasodilators” even though oxygen, for example, is a vasoconstrictor — need to get into close contact with the small arterioles which represent the most powerful effectors in perfusion control. On the other hand, tissue sites in which supply with nutrients is most critical (“lethal corners”) and in which a vasodilator signal may be generated earliest, are located hundreds of µm away from …

Endothelial dysfunction in morbid obesity.

2013

Morbid obesity is a chronic multifunctional disease characterized by an accumulation of fat. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Endothelial dysfunction, as defined by an imbalance between relaxing and contractile endothelial factors, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these cardiometabolic diseases. Diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) contributes to endothelial dysfunction and impairs endothelium- dependent vasodilatation. But this is not the only mechanism that drives to endothelial dysfunction. Obesity has been associated with a chronic inflammatory process, atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress. …

Targeting Heme-Oxidized Soluble Guanylate Cyclase

2007

Increased peripheral vascular resistance is a hallmark of advanced chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) and contributes to the phenomenon of increased afterload that complicates that condition. Multiple factors have been proposed to contribute to this phenomenon, such as increased sodium water content of the vasculature, increased activation of neurohormonal vasoconstrictor forces, and intrinsic abnormalities of the vasculature. During the past decade, it has also been shown that CHF is associated with a severe degree of endothelial dysfunction in experimental animals, as well as in humans. Given that the endothelium, as well as endothelium-dependent vasodilation, plays a crucial role in …