Search results for "VCA"
showing 10 items of 20 documents
Mechanisms of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes: Effects on mitochondria and leukocyte-endothelium interactions.
2020
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a very prevalent, multisystemic, chronic metabolic disorder closely related to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. It is characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and the presence of oxidative stress. Metformin is one of the safest and most effective anti-hyperglycaemic agents currently employed as first-line oral therapy for T2D. It has demonstrated additional beneficial effects, unrelated to its hypoglycaemic action, on weight loss and several diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders and metabolic diseases, including thyroid diseases. Despite the vast clinical experience gained over several decades of use, the mechanism of action of metformin i…
Immunohistochemical analysis of cellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and VEGF in fibrovascular membranes of patients with proliferative diabe…
2009
Abstract Purpose Diabetic fibrovascular membranes are the main pathological changes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy that can cause serious complications leading to blindness. Since the mechanism of fibrovascular membrane development is still unknown, the aim of our study was to identify potential biomarkers for this pathology. To this end, we analyzed the simultaneous expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and VEGF within tissues of diabetic fibrovascular membranes. Patients and methods Fibrovascular membranes were taken from nine diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The fibrovascular membrane specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to determine ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and …
Expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules on heart valves: up-regulation in degeneration as well as acute endocarditis
2000
Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), as well as shear stress, cause endothelial cells (ECs), to undergo not only functional alterations but also structural reorganizations, which contribute to vascular leakage. Like ECs of the human aorta, ECs on heart valves are exposed to extreme shear stress. However, while ECs expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in large vessels has been widely studied, it seems that there are no such studies on ECs of heart valves, although this knowledge might be important for our understanding of the aetiological aspects of local inflammatory responses. Using immunohistochemistry, this study charac…
Chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha modulates VLA-4 integrin-dependent adhesion to fibronectin and VCAM-1 on bone marrow hematopoietic proge…
2001
Stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) is a potent chemoattractant for hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), suggesting that it could play an important role during their migration within or to the bone marrow (BM). The integrin VLA-4 mediates HPC adhesion to BM stroma by interacting with CS-1/fibronectin and VCAM-1. It is required during hematopoiesis and homing of HPC to the BM. As HPC migration in response to SDF-1alpha might require dynamic regulation of integrin function, we investigated if SDF-1alpha could modulate VLA-4 function on BM CD34(hi) cells.CD34(hi) BM cells and hematopoietic cell lines were tested for the effect of SDF-1alpha on VLA-4-dependent adhesion to CS-1/fibr…
Association between Pterostilbene and Quercetin Inhibits Metastatic Activity of B16 Melanoma
2005
AbstractInhibition of cancer growth by resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'trihydroxystilbene; RESV), a phytoalexin present in many plant species, is limited by its low bioavailability. Pterostilbene (3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene; PTER) and quercetin (3,3',4',5,6-pentahydroxyflavone; QUER), two structurally related and naturally occurring small polyphenols, show longer half-life in vivo. In vitro growth of highly malignant B16 melanoma F10 cells (B16M-F10) is inhibited (56%) by short-time exposure (60 min/day) to PTER (40 μM) and QUER (20 μM) (approximate mean values of plasma concentrations measured within the first hour after intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg of each polyphenol). Intravenou…
Epšteina-Barra vīrusa ietekme uz multiplās sklerozes pacientu klīnisku gaitu un magnētiskā rezonansa izmaiņām atkarībā no Anti-Epšteina-Barra vīrusa …
2016
Multiplā skleroze jeb izkaisītā skleroze ir autoimūnas dabas neiroloģiskā saslimšana. Ar MS slimo visā pasaulē. Tomēr, pēc epidemioloģiskiem datiem MS vairāk sastop Ziemeļvalstīs, ka arī Latvijā tā ir diezgan izplatīta. Līdz šīm slimības etioloģiskais faktors nav zināms. Ir vairākas hipotēzes, dažas no tiem ir zinātniski apstiprinātas, bet dažas atrodas izpētes līmenī. Mūsu pētījuma mērķis ir pierādīt EBV vīrusa infekcijas iesaistību šajā slimībā. Noskaidrot EBV infekcijas lomu slimības progresijā. Lai realizēt mūsu mērķus, mēs izveidojām pētijuma un kontrolgrupu, rezultātā pacientu kopējas skaits bija 60 cilvēki. Vidējais vecums pētijuma grupā bija 40 ± 12.938 gadi un kontrolgrupā 37.47 ± …
The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol inhibits endothelial function and repair
2021
Abstract Background Endothelial dysfunction promotes atherogenesis, vascular inflammation, and thrombus formation. Reendothelialization after angioplasty is required in order to prevent stent failure. Previous studies have highlighted the role of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in murine experimental atherogenesis and in human coronary artery disease. However, the impact of 2-AG on endothelial repair and leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion is still unknown. Methods Endothelial repair was studied in two treatment groups of wildtype mice following electrical injury of the common carotid artery. One group received the monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL)-inhibitor JZL184, which impairs 2-AG degradatio…
Comparative Studies on Vascular Endothelium in vitro
1995
Endothelial cells (EC) are very responsive to proinflammatory cytokines, e.g. interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), as well as to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. EC are stimulated by these substances to secrete chemotactic factors and to increase expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAM), leading to dramatically altered interactions with leukocytes, e.g. granulocytes and monocytes. In these interactions E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are known to play an important role, as they are presented by the EC and interact with corresponding ligands on the white blood cell membranes. These adhesion molecules have been studied worldwide in a variety of in vitro experiments …
Inhibition of lymphocyte trafficking shields the brain against deleterious neuroinflammation after stroke
2011
T lymphocytes are increasingly recognized as key modulators of detrimental inflammatory cascades in acute ischaemic stroke, but the potential of T cell-targeted therapy in brain ischaemia is largely unexplored. Here, we characterize the effect of inhibiting leukocyte very late antigen-4 and endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1-mediated brain invasion-currently the most effective strategy in primary neuroinflammatory brain disease in murine ischaemic stroke models. Very late antigen-4 blockade by monoclonal antibodies improved outcome in models of moderate stroke lesions by inhibiting cerebral leukocyte invasion and neurotoxic cytokine production without increasing the susceptibilit…
Optimization of spodumene identification by statistical approach for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data of lithium pegmatite ores
2021
Mapping with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can offer more than just the spatial distribution of elements: the rich spectral information also enables mineral recognition. In the present study, statistical approaches were used for the recognition of the spodumene from lithium pegmatite ores. A broad spectral range (280–820 nm) with multiple lines was first used to establish the methods based on vertex component analysis (VCA) and K-means and DBSCAN clusterings. However, with a view to potential on-site applications, the dimensions of the datasets must be reduced in order to accomplish fast analysis. Therefore, the capability of the methods in mineral identification was tested wi…