Search results for "VENTILATION"
showing 10 items of 476 documents
Correction to: When kidneys and lungs suffer together
2019
A significant interaction between kidneys and lungs has been shown in physiological and pathological conditions. The two organs can both be targets of the same systemic disease (eg., some vasculitides). Moreover, loss of normal function of either of them can induce direct and indirect dysregulation of the other one. Subjects suffering from COPD may have systemic inflammation, hypoxemia, endothelial dysfunction, increased sympathetic activation and increased aortic stiffness. As well as the exposure to nicotine, all the foresaid factors can induce a microvascular damage, albuminuria, and a worsening of renal function. Renal failure in COPD can be unrecognized since elderly and frail patients…
Novelties in COPD prognosis: Evolution of survival indexes
2015
Despite several techniques, such as non-invasive ventilation (NIV), have improved the outcome of the acute exacerbation, COPD remains affected by poor prognosis in the medium and long term. Moreover, the task of predicting prognosis remains a major challenge for respiratory physicians. In order to overcome this limitation, several indexes have been proposed to assess the COPD patient in his/her complexity. The rationale is that, by using numerical indexes physicians may improve their clinical judgment to tailor and share therapeutical choices, i.e. referring the patient for surgery or lung transplantation. On this ground, Almagro et al. recently proposed the CODEX index, as the latest evolu…
Ein Auswerteprogramm zur quantitativen Untersuchung der Lungenventilation mittels dynamischer MRT von hochpolarisiertem 3He
2004
Purpose: 3 He-MRI is able to visualize the regional distribution of lung ventilation with a temporal and spatial resolution so far unmatched by any other technique. The aim of the study was the development of a new software tool for quantification of dynamic ventilation parameters in absolute physical units. Materials and Methods: During continuous breathing, a bolus of hyperpolarized 3 He (300 ml) was applied at inspiration and a series of 168 coronal projection images simultaneously acquired using a 2D FLASH-sequence. Postprocessing software was developed to analyze the 3 He distribution in the lung. After correction for lung motion, several ventilation parameters (rise time, delay time, …
2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ER…
2020
Guidelines summarize and evaluate available evidence with the aim of assisting health professionals in proposing the best management strategies for an individual patient with a given condition. Guidelines and their recommendations should facilitate decision making of health professionals in their daily practice. However, the final decisions concerning an individual patient must be made by the responsible health professional(s) in consultation with the patient and caregiver as appropriate.
Compliance to ventilatory treatment in a cohort of patients on home CPAP or NIV: analysis by diagnosis, treatment type, and comorbidities
2019
Background: Patients on home continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) show large variability in compliance to treatment. Aim: To identify predictors of poor compliance, we evaluated compliance to treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), and OSA-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome. Methods: We analyzed clinical and compliance data provided by a single home care provider, in 602 patients (n=442 OSA, males (M) 308; 38 OHS M=15, and 122 overlap M=111) on home CPAP/NIV in the province of Agrigento, Italy, after one year of treatment. The following variables were considered: age, …
Incident cardiovascular events in severely obese patients treated with continous positive airway pressure (CPAP)/non invasive ventilation (NIV): A 5.…
2015
it is still debated whether CPAP or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) reduces cardiovascular (CV) risk in morbidly obese patients. Obese subjects affected by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) (n=210) were recruited between 2007-2010 in the Sleep Center, Univ. of Grenoble; 152 of them were treated with CPAP or NIV, and regularly followed by a home-care provider (Agir a dom). Patients underwent phone interviews to assess incident CV events during 5.6 years (range 4.0-6.5 yrs) of follow-up. One hundred seventeen patients (63 men) responded to questionnaire, 3 OSA patients died, and 32 declined/were lost to follow-up (response rate 77%). All patients at baseli…
High flow nasal therapy in perioperative medicine: from operating room to general ward
2018
Abstract Background High flow nasal therapy (HFNT) is a technique in which humidified and heated gas is delivered to the airways through the nose via small nasal prongs at flows that are higher than the rates generally applied during conventional oxygen therapy. The delivered high flow rates combine mixtures of air and oxygen and enable different inspired oxygen fractions ranging from 0.21 to 1. HFNT is increasingly used in critically ill adult patients, especially hypoxemic patients in different clinical settings. Main body Noninvasive ventilation delivers positive pressure (end-expiratory and inspiratory pressures or continuous positive airway pressure) via different external interfaces. …
Hyperventilation in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Has Something Changed in the Last Decade or Uncertainty Continues? A Brief Review
2021
A Workflow for the Performance Based Design of Naturally Ventilated Tall Buildings Using a Genetic Algorithm (GA)
2019
Optimization of Natural Ventilation process in highrise buildings is one of the most complex and least addressed phenomenon in the field of sustainable architecture. This issue requires urgent consideration to reduce the computation time due to fast growing demand of vertical construction in metropolitan cities. Until recently most highrise buildings have been operated with mechanical systems, causing high energy loads in hot climates and have high carbon footprints. Highrise buildings with natural ventilation and sky gardens can address these problems. This study involves the development of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) addressing the multi objective optimization of natural ventilation in tall …
An international perspective on hospitalized patients with viral community-acquired pneumonia
2019
Background Who should be tested for viruses in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP), prevalence and risk factors for viral CAP are still debated. We evaluated the frequency of viral testing, virus prevalence, risk factors and treatment coverage with oseltamivir in patients admitted for CAP. Methods Secondary analysis of GLIMP, an international, multicenter, point-prevalence study of hospitalized adults with CAP. Testing frequency, prevalence of viral CAP and treatment with oseltamivir were assessed among patients who underwent a viral swab. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to evaluate risk factors. Results 553 (14.9%) patients with CAP underwent nasal swab. Viral CA…