Search results for "VITICULTURE"
showing 10 items of 121 documents
Biological protection against grape berry moths. A review
2018
International audience; Grape is a major crop, covering 7.5 M ha worldwide, that is currently being confronted with three main challenges: intensive pesticide use that must be reduced, invasion by new pests/diseases, and climate change. The biological control of pests and vectors would help address these challenges. Here, we review the scientific literature on the biological control of grape moths by macroorganisms (excluding nematodes). Two components, biological control with an active human role, mainly using biocontrol agents through inundation or inoculation, and conservation biological control, are considered. The major points are the following. (1) Tortricid grape moths seriously dama…
Estrazione e raffinazione dello zolfo e paesaggio nella Sicilia romana tra IV e VI d.C.
2016
Sulphur was important in several fields: military, tanning, wool’s disinfection and many other activities. Nevertheless, the largest quantity of sulphur was used in agriculture, particularly in viticulture as it was used to combat fungal diseases especially in wine production areas. Sicily, and in particular the area surrounding Agrigento, was the main site of sulphur extraction. This built strong relationships with Rome and other agricultural centres in the Mediterranean Sea. Very important among the historical sources and the archaeological evidence are the so called Tabulae sulphuris, concerning the sulphur exploitation at the Agrigento’s area. Recent finds and studies gave a new chronol…
Soil Erosion as an Environmental Concern in Vineyards. The Case Study of Celler del Roure, Eastern Spain, by Means of Rainfall Simulation Experiments
2018
Soil erosion in vineyards is considered as an environmental concern as it depletes soil fertility and causes damage in the fields and downstream. High soil and water losses decrease soil quality, and subsequently, this can reduce the quality of the grapes and wine. However, in specialized journals of viticulture and enology, soil erosion studies are not present. This paper surveys the soil erosion losses in the vineyards of Celler del Roure, Eastern Spain, as an example of Mediterranean vineyards. We applied rainfall simulation experiments (10 plots) using a small portable rainfall simulator and 55 mm h−1 in one hour to characterize soil erodibility, runoff discharge, and soil erosion…
(A)sexual reproduction - a review of life cycles of grape phylloxera,Daktulosphaira vitifoliae
2009
Since its emergence as a pest of grapevine about 150 years ago, studies on the life cycle and mode of reproduction of grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae) have been of considerable scientific interest and importance for applied viticulture. The life cycle of grape phylloxera, as described in the mid to late nineteenth century, is still subject to discussion and confusion. In this article, we aim to provide for the first time an overview of the reported life cycle strategies of grape phylloxera by summarizing documented observations, the results of controlled field and laboratory assays, and the results of molecular genetic analyses. Thus, we present …
Des traces archéologiques témoins de l’implantation d’un vignoble sur le finage de Cernay-lès-Reims et Saint-Léonard au Moyen Âge
2019
Thanks to the numerous archaeological operations carried out in Cernay-lès-Reims and Saint-Léonard - on the south-eastern edge of the Reims urban area - several sites from protohistory to the contemporary period were discovered. Among them, the presence of a multitude of small trapezoidal pits could be observed, and that over a large part of the area that was the subject of the interventions. With their atypical shapes, these pits are the proof of a wine-growing activity at the edge of Cernay-lès-Reims around the 11th-13th centuries.
The french vineyard in the face of climate change: Developing an adaptation strategy based on prospective scenarios
2020
International audience
Late frost damage risk for viticulture under future climate conditions: a case study for the Luxembourgish winegrowing region
2013
Background and Aims Late frosts are a significant risk to grape production in frost-prone viticultural regions. Increasing air temperature because of climate change is likely to advance grape budburst and last frost events in spring. So far, it is unclear whether one trend will be more pronounced than the other, and hence, whether the risk of late frost damage will increase or decrease. The aim of this work was to investigate the future frost risk in the Luxembourgish winegrowing region by assessing the effect of simulated future climate conditions on the timing of budburst and last frost date. Methods and Results Late frost risk was assessed by combining: (i) a phenological model for budbu…
Las bodegas cooperativas y la comercialización del vino en España durante el siglo XX
2020
Resumen Las bodegas cooperativas surgieron con un doble objetivo: la elaboracion en comun del vino, para reducir los costes de produccion y aumentar la calidad del producto; y la venta en comun del vino, con una reduccion de los intermediarios y una mejora de la posicion de los viticultores en el proceso de comercializacion. Ambos objetivos tenian que suponer una mayor remuneracion del producto y, en consecuencia, del ingreso de los productores, que en el sector vitivinicola eran fundamentalmente pequenos agricultores familiares, enfrentados a un contexto de caida tendencial de los precios del vino. En este articulo realizamos una primera aproximacion al papel de las bodegas cooperativas en…
Soil water erosion on Mediterranean vineyards: A review
2016
Soil water erosion on cultivated lands represents a severe threat to soil resources in the world, and especially in Mediterranean areas, due to their topographic, edaphic and climatic conditions. Among the cultivated lands, vineyards deserve a particular attention because, aside representing one of the most important crops in terms of income and employment, they also have proven to be the form of agricultural use that causes one of the highest soil losses. Although the topic of soil water erosion on vineyards has been studied, it still raises uncertainties, due to the high variability of procedures for data acquisition, which consists into different scales of analysis and measurement method…
Climate change and risk management policies in viticulture
2022
In recent years, the adverse effects of climate change on agricultural productivity have been increasing dramatically. As a function of this situation, in many ter-ritorial contexts, productivity and profitability decrease due to uncontrollable events. In light of this situation, the entrepreneur should adopt strategies to decrease the risks of climate change and sustain agricultural productivity and farm profitability. The research used case studies of several wine-growing facilities of companies located in the Mediterranean area. The study estimated the losses of productivity and thus income due to climate change, which is occurring with increasing in-tensity. Subsequently, through the in…