Search results for "Vaccination."

Prophylactic and therapeutic intervention in IgE responses by biolistic DNA vaccination primarily targeting dendritic cells.

2005

Background Allergen gene transfer represents an alternative approach to specific immunotherapy with allergen extracts. Gene gun–mediated DNA immunization with plasmid vectors expressing a transgene under control of the promoter of the fascin gene (pFascin) allows for antigen production predominantly by dendritic cells and resulted in the generation of CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes as well as in the development of a type 1 immune response. Objective We compared the in vivo efficiency of biolistic transfection with pFascin and plasmids containing the cytomegalovirus promoter (pCMV) in a mouse model of type I allergy. Methods BALB/c mice were sensitized with the model allergen β-galactosidase …

Prevention of long-term IgE antibody production by gene gun-mediated DNA vaccination.

2004

Background Vaccination with allergen-encoding DNA represents a promising approach for the treatment of allergic diseases. Objective In a mouse model of type I allergy, we analyzed the ability of biolistic transfection to inhibit antigen-specific IgE production and to modulate T H 2 responses. Methods BALB/c mice were vaccinated by means of gene gun–mediated DNA immunization with plasmid vector pCMV-βGal, encoding β-galactosidase as a model allergen. Subsequently, mice were immunized by means of repeated intraperitoneal injection of β-galactosidase adsorbed to the adjuvant aluminum hydroxide. Development of IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a antibody titers during the course of immunization was followed, …

Review of 8 years of experience with Infanrix hexa (DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib hexavalent vaccine).

2009

Combination vaccines that include multiple antigens within one formulation are now widely accepted as an effective means of eliciting protection against several diseases at the same time. Owing to improvements in quality and convenient modes of administration, they have become part of routine pediatric practice. Hexavalent vaccines, including diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, polio and Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens represent the latest advance in the development of combination vaccines. Over 8 years since its first licensure, this review looks at the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety profile of the only hexavalent pediatric vaccine currently in use--Infanrix hexa (diph…

Real-world impact of rotavirus vaccination in European healthcare settings: a systematic literature review

2022

INTRODUCTION: Rotavirus is one of the most common pathogens causing diarrhea in children <5 years and has a major impact on childhood morbidity and mortality. Since the implementation of rotavirus vaccines into childhood immunization programs across Europe, there has been a reduction in rotavirus burden, including hospitalizations, outpatient cases, costs, and deaths. AREAS COVERED: A systematic literature review identified publications describing the clinical and economic impact of rotavirus vaccinations across Europe, from their introduction in 2006 to the end of 2020. A total of 3,137 articles were identified, of which 46 were included in the review. Included articles reported the impact…

iViaggio: the app for safe traveling.

2019

he number of people travelling internationally increases year after year, mainly due to the more and more affordable cost of travelling and to the evergreater ease of transportation. Nowadays, any destination can be reached within 24 hours by plane, and the improvement of economic conditions facilitates both business and leisure travelling, as a matter of fact, according to data from the World Tourism Organization, the number of international trips is expected to increase by 3% to 4% per year.1 However, international travelling poses various health risks depending on travelers’ health conditions and the type of trip undertaken. Indeed, travelers may experience sudden changes in altitude, hu…

[ESCULAPIO: A project to elaborate strategies and actions of multi-purpose health communication on vaccine preventable infectious diseases in order t…

2019

ESCULAPIO Project, funded by the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (CCM) of the Italian Ministry of Health, for the program 2013, aims at increasing awareness on vaccine preventable infectious diseases (VPID) and vaccination in different targets of population and at spreading the culture of prevention by the development of information/training interventions on VPID. In Tuscany Region (Central Italy), educational courses on VPID in high schools were organized and students were stimulated to prepare informative materials on VPID for lower grade school pupils. Educational games for school pupils were realized in Liguria Region (Northern Italy) with the aim to increase awareness and kno…

Vaccination against the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) among healthcare workers in the major teaching hospital of Sicily (Italy).

2010

Survey on knowledge, attitudes and practices of Italian Resident of Public Health towards influenza vaccination

2012

Background: Public Health Residents (PHRs) have to be considered of relevant interest among health care workers (HCWs) since they are strongly asked to recommend and perform influenza vaccination to other HCWs and general population. Despite this consideration, Italian HCWs have influenza vaccination rates significantly below the 75% coverage proposed by International Public Health guidelines. In order to increase future coverage towards influenza vaccination, the aim of this study is to assess determinants associated with influenza vaccine uptake among Italian PHR. Methods: A survey was carried out on PHRs attending 25 out 32 Post-Graduate University training programmes on Public Health in…

Protection of rabbits against rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease with a vaccinia-RHDV recombinant virus

1996

In order to protect domestic and wild rabbits against RVHD, we constructed a recombinant vaccinia-RHDV virus, using the Copenhagen strain of the vaccinia virus. This recombinant virus expressed the RHDV capsid protein (VP60). Analysis of the expressed product showed that the recombinant protein, which is 60 kDa in size, was antigenic as revealed by its reactions in immunoprecipitation and indirect immunofluorescence with the antibodies raised against RHDV. The recombinant virus induced high level of RHDV specific antibodies in rabbits following immunization. Inoculations by both the intradermal and oral routes allow protection of animals against a challenge with virulent RHDV.

Multifunctional CD4(+) T cells correlate with active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

2010

Th1 CD4(+) T cells and their derived cytokines are crucial for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Using multiparametic flow cytometry, we have evaluated the distribution of seven distinct functional states (IFN-gamma/IL-2/TNF-alpha triple expressors, IFN-gamma/IL-2, IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha or TNF-alpha/IL-2 double expressors or IFN-gamma, IL-2 or TNF-alpha single expressors) of CD4(+) T cells in individuals with latent M. tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB). We found that triple expressors, while detectable in 85-90%TB patients, were only present in 10-15% of LTBI subjects. On the contrary, LTBI subjects had significantly higher (12- to 15-fold) proportions of…