Search results for "Valence"
showing 10 items of 2732 documents
Controlling the uncontrollable. Self-regulation and the dynamics of addiction
2017
The multidisciplinary research on addictions generally promotes the assumption that addictive behavior is caused and maintained by the external psychoactive substance, which accordingly is consider...
The participation paradox: demand for and fear of immigrant participation
2019
In this paper, we address the ambivalence in European immigrant integration discourses toward the political participation of immigrants. We show how this ambivalence manifests in what we call a ‘participation paradox’, which is constituted by two apparently conflicting, but potentially mutually reinforcing characteristics of the discourse. The first emphasizes the need for immigrants to be active in order to attain a well-integrated society and well-functioning democratic polity; the second is a call for the protection of liberal democratic institutions from the alleged ‘illiberal threats’ that migrants pose to society. Immigrant participation is thus both demanded and feared. Using illustr…
Chronic pain management in non-oncologic patients: multicentric study on adult patients referring to the centers for pain management in the Lazio Reg…
2013
Introduction Chronic pain is a complex phenomenon usually associated with psychological stress, which implies falling back on the National Health Service and reducing work capacities, indeed affecting Activities of Daily Living. Studies based on efficacy have identified the multidisciplinary approach as the most effective means to obtain therapeutic results. These programs can be provided by the Centers for Pain Management (CPMs), where multidisciplinary teams are likely to provide the necessary expertise to outline the best treatments for the diagnosis and management of chronic pain. To date, very little information is available on the kind of assistance and support these centers can provi…
Let's End HepC: modelling public health epidemiological policies applied to Hepatitis C in Spain
2022
Background: The WHO has defined international targets toward the elimination of hepatitis C by 2030. Most countries cannot be on track to achieve this goal unless many challenges are surpassed. The Let's End HepC (LEHC) tool aims to contribute to the control of hepatitis C. The innovation of this tool combines the modelling of public health policies (PHP) focused on hepatitis C with epidemiological modelling of the disease, obtaining a unique result that allows to forecast the impact of policy outcomes. The model was applied to several countries, including Spain.Methods: To address the stated objective, we applied the “Adaptive Conjoint Analysis” for PHP decision-making and Markov Chains in…
Airway hyperresponsiveness in the elderly: prevalence and clinical implications.
2005
Airway hyperresponsiveness is associated with an increased risk of developing respiratory symptoms. The assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness can provide valuable information regarding the natural course of respiratory diseases. However, little information is available for populations of more advanced age, and data are conflicting. It was assessed whether age influences the occurrence of airway hyperresponsiveness by reviewing those studies that specifically addressed this issue, and attempting to identify the factors responsible for discrepancies between studies. Eighteen studies, published between 1983 and 2002, are included in this review. Overall, the results of the analysis are in f…
Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia predicts prevalent hypertension in the European Sleep Apnoea Database cohort study.
2014
Systemic hypertension is associated with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) but the pathophysiological mechanisms are incompletely understood. A collaborative European network of 24 sleep centres established a European Sleep Apnoea Database to evaluate cardiovascular morbidity associated with OSAS.11 911 adults referred with suspected OSAS between March 2007 and September 2013 underwent overnight sleep studies, either cardiorespiratory polygraphy or polysomnography. We compared the predictive value of the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) and 4% oxygen desaturation index (ODI) for prevalent hypertension, adjusting for relevant covariates including age, smoking, obesity, dyslipidaemia and d…
Prevalence of nocturnal asthma in a general population sample: determinants and effect of aging.
2000
Nocturnal asthma (NA) is important because of clinical and prognostic implications. Previous data on prevalence may be overestimated, because they are derived from selected series. Observations on monitoring of peak expiratory flow in elderly asthmatics suggested that prevalence of NA may increase with age. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of NA-related symptoms in a sample drawn from a general population and evaluate the role of aging. Subjects (1,100, mean age 41.9, SD 22.8 years) were randomly selected from the lists of seven general practitioners. A questionnaire on nighttime and morning NA-associated symptoms was used and frequency of occurrence was rated as never, so…
Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on the outcomes of patients with peripheral artery disease.
2019
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are both related with high in-hospital mortality. We aimed to investigate the impact of COPD on the in-hospital outcomes in PAD.PAD patients were selected based on ICD-code I70.2 of the German nationwide database, stratified for COPD and compared regarding adverse in-hospital outcomes.Between 01/2005-12/2015, 5,611,827 inpatients (64.8% males) were diagnosed with PAD; of those, 13.6% were coded additionally with COPD. Overall, 277,894 PAD patients (5.0%) died during in-hospital course. Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases as well as cancer (12.1% vs. 7.0%, P 0.001) was higher in PAD patients with COPD compare…
Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and sleepiness in real-life obstructive sleep apnoea.
2011
The metabolic syndrome shows a variable prevalence in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and its association with insulin resistance or excessive daytime sleepiness in OSA is unclear. This study assessed the following in consecutive patients with newly diagnosed OSA: 1) the prevalence of metabolic syndrome; and 2) its association with insulin resistance and daytime sleepiness. Metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP- ATP) III criteria), insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index, n5288) and daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) were assessed in 529 OSA patients. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 51.2%, which incre…
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps impact in severe asthma patients: Evidences from the Severe Asthma Network Italy (SANI) registry
2020
Abstract Background The clinical and laboratory features of patients enrolled in the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) registry, a web-based observatory collecting demographic, clinical, functional and inflammatory data of patients with severe asthma were evaluated, with a special emphasis to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Methods For each eligible patients the following information has been collected: demographic data, clinical features, asthma control in the previous month according to the GINA (Global INitiative for Asthma) Guidelines and standardized questionnaires, concomitant regular and on demand treatments and inflammatory markers. Results 695 patients wit…