Search results for "Vascular system"
showing 10 items of 4322 documents
Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia in Spain.
2017
Abstract Background and aims Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH) is a very rare disease, caused by mutations in LDL protein receptor adaptor 1 (LDLRAP1). It is characterized by high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. We aimed to characterize ARH in Spain. Methods Data were collected from the Dyslipidemia Registry of the Spanish Atherosclerosis Society. A literature search was performed up to June 2017, and all diagnostic genetic studies for familial hypercholesterolemia of Spain were reviewed. Results Seven patients with ARH were identified, 6 true homozygous and one compound heterozygous with a novel muta…
Selective p38α MAP kinase/MAPK14 inhibition in enzymatically modified LDL-stimulated human monocytes: implications for atherosclerosis.
2016
The first ATP-competitive p38α MAPK/MAPK14 inhibitor with excellent in vivo efficacy and selectivity, skepinone-L, is now available. We investigated the impact of selective p38α MAPK/MAPK14 inhibition on enzymatically modified LDL (eLDL) stimulated human monocytes with its implications for atherosclerosis. Among the different p38 MAPK isoforms, p38α/MAPK14 was the predominantly expressed and activated isoform in isolated human peripheral blood monocytes. Moreover, eLDL colocalized with macrophages positive for p38α MAPK/MAPK14 in human carotid endarterectomy specimens. Using the human leukemia cell line THP-1 and/or primary monocyte-derived macrophages, skepinone-L inhibited eLDL-induced ac…
Postprandial Changes in Chemokines Related to Early Atherosclerotic Processes in Familial Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Preliminary Study.
2015
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is associated with higher levels of inflammatory mediators such as chemokines, which contribute to an increased risk of premature atherosclerosis in these patients. We studied the response of chemokines related to early atherosclerotic processes during an oral unsaturated fat load test (OFLT) in patients with heterozygous FH and compared this response to normolipidemic and normoglycemic subjects.Blood samples were taken from 12 FH patients and 20 healthy controls with a similar age, gender distribution, and body mass index. Plasma chemokine levels were determined in both groups in a fasting state and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after an OFLT using human cytokine m…
ADMA and arginine derivatives in relation to non-invasive vascular function in the general population.
2015
Nitric oxide produced from l-arginine is central to vascular homeostasis. Little is known about the relationship between arginine derivatives including asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and non-invasive vascular function measures in the general population.In 5000 individuals (median age 56; 25th/75th percentile: 46, 65; 49% women) taking part in the population-based Gutenberg Health Study (Mainz area, Germany), we measured the relationship between the arginine derivatives asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), N-monomethyl l-arginine (NMMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and l-arginine with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT). Weak bivariate correlations w…
Incidence of Stent Thrombosis after Endovascular Treatment of Iliofemoral or Caval Veins in Patients with the Postthrombotic Syndrome.
2019
Abstract Background Patients with postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) treated with stents are at risk of stent thrombosis (ST). The incidence of ST in the presence and absence of anticoagulation therapy (AT) is unknown. Risk factors are not well understood. Patients and Methods From the prospective Swiss Venous Stent registry, we conducted a subgroup analysis of 136 consecutive patients with PTS. Incidence of ST was estimated from duplex ultrasound or venography, and reported for the time on and off AT. Baseline, procedural, and follow-up data were evaluated to identify factors associated with ST. Results Median follow-up was 20 (interquartile range [IQR] 9–40) months. AT was stopped in 43 (32%) …
Telomere Length, SIRT1, and Insulin in Male Master Athletes: The Path to Healthy Longevity?
2021
AbstractLower SIRT1 and insulin resistance are associated with accelerated telomere shortening. This study investigated whether the lifestyle of master athletes can attenuate these age-related changes and thereby slow aging. We compared insulin, SIRT1, and telomere length in highly trained male master athletes (n=52; aged 49.9±7.2 yrs) and age-matched non-athletes (n=19; aged 47.3±8.9 yrs). This is a cross-sectional study, in which all data were collected in one visit. Overnight fasted SIRT1 and insulin levels in whole blood were assessed using commercial kits. Relative telomere length was determined in leukocytes through qPCR analyses. Master athletes had higher SIRT1, lower insulin, and l…
Obesity impairs leukocyte‐endothelium cell interactions and oxidative stress in humans
2018
Background:To evaluate the relationship between leukocyte‐endothelial cellinteractions and oxidative stress parameters in non‐diabetic patients with differentgrades of obesity.Material and methods:For this cross‐sectional study, 225 subjects wererecruited from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 and divided into groupsaccording to BMI (40 kg/m²). We determined clin-ical parameters, systemic inflammatory markers, soluble cellular adhesion mole-cules, leukocyte‐endothelium cell interactions—rolling flux, velocity and adhesion—, oxidative stress parameters—total ROS, total superoxide, glutathione—andmitochondrial membrane potential in leukocytes.Results:We verified that HOMA‐IR and hsCRP incr…
In Vivo Functional Evaluation of Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts Fabricated Using Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from High Cardiovascular Risk Po…
2016
Many preclinical evaluations of autologous small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) utilize cells from healthy humans or animals. However, these models hold minimal relevance for clinical translation, as the main targeted demographic is patients at high cardiovascular risk such as individuals with diabetes mellitus or the elderly. Stem cells such as adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) represent a clinically ideal cell type for TEVGs, as these can be easily and plentifully harvested and offer regenerative potential. To understand whether AD-MSCs sourced from diabetic and elderly donors are as effective as those from young nondiabetics (i.e., healthy) in the conte…
The function of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) in several clinical conditions: Results and analysis of our surv…
2021
The goal of this research was to evaluate the plasma concentration of MMP-9 and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) in different clinical conditions. It included several groups of subjects: 31 overweight subjects; 91 obese adults divided into two subgroups according to the BMI value (BMI 30–35 Kg/m2 and BMI > 35 Kg/m2); 90 subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) divided into two subgroups (with and without diabetes mellitus); 100 subjects with preclinical carotid atherosclerosis (PCA) divided according to the number of cardiovascular risk factors and to the insulin resistance degree; 48 subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) divided according to the apnoea/hypopnea index (AHI); 2…
Head, Neck, and Abdominopelvic Septic Thrombophlebitis: Current Evidence and Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment.
2020
AbstractSeptic thrombophlebitis (STP) is a complex, cross-disciplinary clinical condition that combines a localized infection with a neighboring venous thrombosis. STP can occur at several possible anatomic sites, such as dural sinuses, jugular vein (Lemierre syndrome), portal vein (pylephlebitis), and pelvic veins. Its high mortality in the preantibiotic era improved considerably with the introduction of modern antibiotics. However, little evidence exists to date to guide its clinical management. The incidence of STP or its risk factors may be increasing, and its mortality may still be considerable. These trends would have far-reaching implications, especially in the setting of increasing …