Search results for "Vector"

showing 10 items of 2660 documents

Thermodynamics of Electrochemical Systems

2004

A discussion of the fundamentals of thermodynamic theory describing electrochemical systems is presented. The basic relationships are deduced as properties of the electrochemical potential. The theory introduces an observable electric potential that is defined at every position within the electrochemical system as the potential of a reversible electrode placed there. To provide a good test of the formalism, five systems have been studied including equilibrium and nonequilibrium. The formalism emphasizes the advantages of the electric current density in order to characterize one of the degrees of irreversibility and the electrical equilibrium. Finally, the electrostatic potential is discusse…

Position (vector)Formalism (philosophy)ChemistryElectrodeMaterials ChemistryNon-equilibrium thermodynamicsThermodynamicsObservableElectric potentialPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryElectric currentSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectrochemical potentialThe Journal of Physical Chemistry B
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Pieri’s 1898 Geometry of Position Memoir

2021

This chapter contains an English translation of Mario Pieri’s 1898c memoir, The Principles of the Geometry of Position Composed into a Deductive Logical System,1 his most important contribution to the foundations of projective geometry.

Position (vector)PhilosophyMemoirGeometryTranslation (geometry)Projective geometry
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Generalised power series solutions of sub-analytic differential equations

2006

Abstract We show that if a solution y ( x ) of a sub-analytic differential equation admits an asymptotic expansion ∑ i = 1 ∞ c i x μ i , μ i ∈ R + , then the exponents μ i belong to a finitely generated semi-group of R + . We deduce a similar result for the components of non-oscillating trajectories of real analytic vector fields in dimension n. To cite this article: M. Matusinski, J.-P. Rolin, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 342 (2006).

Power seriesMathematics::Dynamical Systems[ MATH.MATH-CA ] Mathematics [math]/Classical Analysis and ODEs [math.CA]Differential equationHigh Energy Physics::Lattice010102 general mathematicsMathematical analysis06 humanities and the artsGeneral Medicine[MATH.MATH-CA]Mathematics [math]/Classical Analysis and ODEs [math.CA]0603 philosophy ethics and religion01 natural sciencesDimension (vector space)060302 philosophyVector fieldFinitely-generated abelian group0101 mathematicsAsymptotic expansionTrajectory (fluid mechanics)Mathematics
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A Novel Neural Approach to the Determination of the Distribution Function in Magnetic Preisach Systems

2004

This paper presents a novel method to identify both the functional dependence of the Preisach function as well as its numerical parameters on the basis of some known magnetic behavior. In this paper, the identification of the Preisach function of a material is performed by using a neural network trained by a collection of hysteresis curves, whose Preisach functions are known. When a new hysteresis curve is given as input to this neural network, it is able to give as output both the functional dependence of the Preisach function as well as its numerical parameters.

Preisach model of hysteresisBasis (linear algebra)Computer scienceHysteresisFunction (mathematics)Magnetic hysteresisHysteresis loopsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialsvector hysteresisIdentification (information)HysteresisDistribution functionElectrical and Electronic EngineeringBiological systemIEEE Transactions on Magnetics
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Minimal learning machine in hyperspectral imaging classification

2020

A hyperspectral (HS) image is typically a stack of frames, where each frame represents the intensity of a different wavelength of light. Each spatial pixel has a spectrum. In the classification of the HS image, each spectrum is classified pixel-by-pixel. In some of the real-time applications, the amount of the HS image data causes performance challenges. Those issues relate to the platforms (e.g. drones) payload restrictions, the issues of the available energy and to the complexity of the machine learning models. In this study, we introduce the minimal learning machine (MLM) as a computationally cheap training and classification machine learning method for the hyperspectral imaging classificatio…

Principal Component AnalysisMinimal Learning MachineArtificial neural networkPixelComputer sciencebusiness.industryFrame (networking)Payload (computing)spektrikuvausHyperspectral imagingPattern recognitionHyperspectral ImagingClassificationRandom forestSupport vector machineData pointkoneoppiminenkuvantaminenDistance LearningArtificial intelligencebusiness
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Unirationality of Hurwitz spaces of coverings of degree <= 5

2011

Let $Y$ be a smooth, projective curve of genus $g\geq 1$ over the complex numbers. Let $H^0_{d,A}(Y)$ be the Hurwitz space which parametrizes coverings $p:X \to Y$ of degree $d$, simply branched in $n=2e$ points, with monodromy group equal to $S_d$, and $det(p_{*}O_X/O_Y)$ isomorphic to a fixed line bundle $A^{-1}$ of degree $-e$. We prove that, when $d=3, 4$ or $5$ and $n$ is sufficiently large (precise bounds are given), these Hurwitz spaces are unirational. If in addition $(e,2)=1$ (when $d=3$), $(e,6)=1$ (when $d=4$) and $(e,10)=1$ (when $d=5$), then these Hurwitz spaces are rational.

Projective curveHurwitz spaceDegree (graph theory)Group (mathematics)General MathematicsSpace (mathematics)unirationalitycoveringvector bundles.CombinatoricsMathematics - Algebraic GeometryMonodromyLine bundle14H10 (Primary) 14H30 (Secondary)Genus (mathematics)Settore MAT/03 - GeometriaComplex numberMathematics
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Characterization of the atmospheric muon flux in IceCube

2015

Muons produced in atmospheric cosmic ray showers account for the by far dominant part of the event yield in large-volume underground particle detectors. The IceCube detector, with an instrumented volume of about a cubic kilometer, has the potential to conduct unique investigations on atmospheric muons by exploiting the large collection area and the possibility to track particles over a long distance. Through detailed reconstruction of energy deposition along the tracks, the characteristics of muon bundles can be quantified, and individual particles of exceptionally high energy identified. The data can then be used to constrain the cosmic ray primary flux and the contribution to atmospheric …

Prompt leptonsleptonAtmospheric muons; Cosmic rays; Prompt leptons; Astronomy and AstrophysicsPhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsHadronAtmospheric muonsprimary [cosmic radiation]PROTON01 natural sciencesIceCubesurface [detector]atmosphere [muon]NEUTRINO TELESCOPEproduction [muon]PhysicsHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)ELEMENTAL GROUPSDetectormodel [interaction]Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for AstrophysicsCOSMIC-RAY MUONSENERGY-SPECTRUMvector mesonstatisticsINTRINSIC CHARMddc:540Physique des particules élémentaireshigh [energy]Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomenaatmosphere [showers]Atmosperic muonsexceptionalairflux [muon]Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomenaspectrum [multiplicity]energy spectrumFOS: Physical sciencesCosmic rayatmosphere [cosmic radiation]Nuclear physicscosmic rays0103 physical sciencesARRIVAL DIRECTIONSVector meson010306 general physicsCosmic raysZenithANISOTROPYMuon010308 nuclear & particles physicsAstronomy and AstrophysicsSpectral componenttracksMODELPhysics and Astronomy13. Climate actionTEVspectralHigh Energy Physics::ExperimenthadronLepton
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Step-along power vector method for astigmatic wavefront propagation

2013

Purpose To propose both a new algebraic solution and a graphical monitoring method for astigmatic wavefront propagation in the framework provided by power vectors. Methods The generalised propagation equation describing the propagation of astigmatic wavefronts from one plane to another is adapted to the power vectors formalism using a novel algorithm based on a step-along method. The step-along procedure is directly applied to the tuple of power vectors [M, J0, J45] representing an arbitrary astigmatic wavefront and it permits the calculation of the tuple of power vectors [M′, J′0, J′45] after a given propagation distance. This is achieved mathematically first by temporarily rotating the as…

Propagation equationWavefrontOptics and PhotonicsLightAlgebraic solutionbusiness.industryMathematical analysisAstrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for AstrophysicsAstigmatismPhysics::OpticsPower vectorSensory SystemsOphthalmologyEyeglassesOpticsHomogeneousHumansMonitoring methodsAlgebraic numberTuplebusinessMathematicsOptometryMathematicsOphthalmic and Physiological Optics
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A potential solution to avoid overdose of mixed drugs in the event of Covid-19: Nanomedicine at the heart of the Covid-19 pandemic.

2021

Since 2020, the world is facing the first global pandemic of 21st century. Among all the solutions proposed to treat this new strain of coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, the vaccine seems a promising way but the delays are too long to be implemented quickly. In the emergency, a dual therapy has shown its effectiveness but has also provoked a set of debates around the dangerousness of a particular molecule, hydroxychloroquine. In particular, the doses to be delivered, according to the studies, were well beyond the acceptable doses to support the treatment without side effects. We propose here to use all the advantages of nanovectorization to address this question of concentration. Using quantum…

Protein Conformation alpha-HelicalComputer science02 engineering and technologyAzithromycinDrug Delivery SystemsPandemicMaterials ChemistryDrug Dosage CalculationsSpectroscopymedia_common0303 health sciencesEvent (computing)021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyComputer Graphics and Computer-Aided DesignMolecular Docking SimulationNanomedicineRisk analysis (engineering)Spike Glycoprotein CoronavirusDensity functional theory calculationsNanomedicineThermodynamicsNitrogen OxidesAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 20210 nano-technologyHydroxychloroquineProtein BindingDrugBoron CompoundsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)media_common.quotation_subjectSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)Molecular Dynamics SimulationAntiviral AgentsArticle03 medical and health sciencesHumansProtein Interaction Domains and MotifsDual therapyPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry030304 developmental biologyDrug transportBinding SitesSARS-CoV-2Molecular dynamics simulationsCOVID-19NanostructuresCOVID-19 Drug TreatmentKineticsQuantum TheoryProtein Conformation beta-StrandNanovectorizationJournal of molecular graphicsmodelling
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Yeast expression of the cytokine receptor domain of the soluble interleukin-6 receptor

1996

Abstract The complex of the soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and IL-6 (IL-6) is a potent agonist on cells expressing the signal transducing protein gp130. In contrast, IL-6 alone only stimulates cells which express a membrane bound form of the IL-6R and gp130. The natural occurring sIL-6R is generated by shedding of the membrane receptor and to a lesser extend by alternative splicing. We have inserted the coding sequence of the 323 amino acid residues of the human sIL-6R into an expression/secretion vector suitable for the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris . We obtained, however, no detectable expression and secretion of the recombinant protein. When we used only the coding sequen…

Protein ConformationGenetic VectorsImmunologyReceptors InterleukinInterleukin-17 receptorBiologyGlycoprotein 130biology.organism_classificationReceptors Interleukin-6Molecular biologyPichiaPichia pastorisSolubilityAntigens CDInterleukin-4 receptorInterleukin-21 receptorImmunology and Allergy5-HT5A receptorReceptors CytokineCytokine receptorCommon gamma chainJournal of Immunological Methods
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