Search results for "Vigilance"

Under my wing: lesser kestrels and jackdaws derive reciprocal benefits in mixed-species colonies

2011

In mixed-species assemblages, antipredator benefits for a timid species nesting close to a more pugnacious one are often reported. Advantages for the protected species are usually manifested in terms of higher reproductive success than conspecifics nesting remote to the protector species. Whether the protector species also accrues any benefit remains untested, and the species-specific behavioral traits underlying enhanced reproductive output in mixed-species associations remain poorly documented. We studied associations between lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) and jackdaws (Corvus monedula) nesting in rural buildings in the Gela Plain (Italy). We tested for interspecific interactions of jac…

Neuroimaging for the anesthesiologist.

2007

Neuroimaging is essential in the treatment of cerebral nervous system disorders or in patients in the ICU with deterioration of their neurologic function. Leading clinical symptoms are acute neurologic deficits with different stages of hemisymptomatology, primary or progressing loss of consciousness or vigilance deficit, focal or generalized seizures, sometimes combined with an acute respiratory or circulatory insufficiency. The resulting questions can be summarized in those of intracranial space occupying hemorrhage; acute infarction; and signs for reduced cerebral blood flow, cerebrovascular vasospasm, or intracranial mass. Recent evolutions in imaging have contributed to an increase in d…

Predation risk allocation or direct vigilance response in the predator interaction between perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and pike (Esox lucius L.)?

2005

Predation risk allocation hypothesis predicts that a prey's response to predator depends on prey's previous experience on predator. Here we tested whether the group of three perch respond differentially to pike, predator of perch, depending on the timing of high constant (HC) and high unpredictable (HU) risk periods within low constant risk periods in short-term (10 h) experiments, and whether the response is stronger during a HU risk period than during a HC risk period. Perch clearly erected the dorsal fin in response to predation risk treatments (pike odour only, odour and visible pike). Decrease in activity and increase in shoaling behaviour were observed mainly during high risk periods.…

11.5 Blood Pressure Control and Anti-Hypertensive Drugs in 490 Patients with Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease

2008

Pharmacovigilance européenne, un système aux multiples visages

2016

International audience; Le système européen de pharmacovigilance fait actuellement cohabiter des systèmes étatiques avec un système central ; or de nombreuses disparités existent entre les différents États membres de l’Union européenne. À travers une étude du niveau central européen puis de quatre systèmes nationaux - différents se trouve mise en évidence la complexité globale d’une telle organisation. Dès lors, se pose la question de l’efficience d’un tel système et des recommandations sont émises pour améliorer cette dernière.

Data for: Cataracts and statins. A disproportionality analysis using data from VigiBase

2019

The file include the number of Individual case safety reports for ICSRs contained in the World Health Organization (WHO) global database of individual case safety reports (VigiBase) in which the following MedDRA preferred terms (PTs): “Cataract”, “Cataract cortical”, “Cataract nuclear” and “Cataract subcapsular” were reported for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors according to the anatomical therapeutic chemical classification (ATC: C10AA) between inception on Nov 14, 1967, and Jan 15, 2019. Fixed-dose combinations of statins with other drugs were not considered. We also searched for ICSRs for the PTs mentioned above and prednisolone as a positive control – a drug previously known to cause catara…

Whence pseudoscience? An epidemiological approach

2017

In this paper, we develop an epidemiological approach to account for the typical features and persistent popularity of pseudoscience. An epidemiology of pseudoscience aims at explaining why some beliefs become widely distributed whereas others do not and hence seeks to identify the factors that exert a causal effect on this distribution. We pinpoint and discuss several factors that promote the dissemination of pseudoscientific beliefs. In particular, we argue that such beliefs manage to spread widely because they are intuitively appealing, manage to hitchhike on the authority of science, and successfully immunize themselves from criticism.

Brief Communication HUMAN SCALP RECORDED SIGMA ACTIVITY IS MODULATED BY SLOW EEG OSCILLATIONS DURING DEEP SLEEP

2002

The EEG during deep sleep exhibits a distinct cortically generated slow oscillation of around and below 1 Hz which can be distinguished from other delta (0.5-3.5 Hz) activity. Intracranial studies showed that this slow oscillation triggers and groups cortical network firing. In the present study, we examined whether the phases of the slow oscillation during sleep stage 4 are correlated with the magnitude of sigma (12-16 Hz) and gamma (> 20 Hz) scalp activity. For this purpose, 10-min segments of uninterrupted stage 4 sleep EEG from 9 subjects were analyzed by applying wavelet techniques. We found that scalp recorded sigma, but not gamma, activity is modulated by the phases of the slow oscil…

European Respiratory Society statement on sleep apnoea, sleepiness and driving risk

2021

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is highly prevalent and is a recognised risk factor for motor vehicle accidents (MVA). Effective treatment with continuous positive airway pressure has been associated with a normalisation of this increased accident risk. Thus, many jurisdictions have introduced regulations restricting the ability of OSA patients from driving until effectively treated. However, uncertainty prevails regarding the relative importance of OSA severity determined by the apnoea–hypopnoea frequency per hour and the degree of sleepiness in determining accident risk. Furthermore, the identification of subjects at risk of OSA and/or accident risk remains elusive. The introduction of off…

La formation des professionnels de santé pour une efficience de la pharmacovigilance : une analyse juridique d'un système en manque de pédagogie

2014

Pharmacovigilance is a fundamental discipline for safety and confidence in the medicines. This discipline has evolved over time, and has been strengthened, but still suffers from imperfections. We proposed through this work to provide an original solution for its improvement.In the first part, we describe and analyze the evolution of pharmacovigilance and its current functioning from both the legal and the scientific point of view and at both national and European levels. We analyzed the legal and practical weaknesses and have formulated proposals to address them. Then we review a number of possibilities before developing in the second part an original approach: pedagogy. Having established…