Search results for "Virtual reality"

Effect of NaClO disinfection/cleaning on passive films on AISI 316L

2020

Abstract 316 L stainless steel samples were passivated in NaClO containing solutions in order to simulate disinfection processes. Passive films were grown at the open circuit potential by immersion in NaClO aqueous solutions at different concentrations and temperature in order to understand how exposure to aggressive environments could affect subsequent corrosion resistance of SSs. In the attempt to study the passive film growth mechanism, in-situ Open Circuit Potential measurements were performed in the same growth solutions. Photoelectrochemical and impedance investigation of passive films was carried out in order to link their solid state properties with their corrosion behaviour.

Corrosion resistance of passive films on different stainless steel grades in food and beverage industry

2020

Abstract Passive films were grown on 304 L, 316 L and Duplex stainless steels by immersion at open circuit potential in solutions mimicking food and beverage industry environments. In acidic food stainless steel surfaces are covered by Cr rich passive films, and generalized dissolution occurs on their surface with consequent ions release into the electrolyte. In fatty food the concentration of released ions is significantly lower since generalized corrosion does not occur, but the loss on MnS inclusions strongly reduces the polarization resistance in this environment especially for 304 L due to its higher localized corrosion susceptibility with respect to the other grades.

Photoelectrochemical and XPS characterisation of oxide layers on 316L stainless steel grown in high-temperature water

2015

Passive films on AISI 316L stainless steel were grown by exposure in high temperature (300 °C and 150 bar) water. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to study their composition as a function of immersion time. A photoelectrochemical investigation, supported by electrochemical and impedance measurements, allowed to get information on the solid-state properties of the investigated layers. The experimental results suggest the formation of a stratified layer with an outer iron-rich layer and an inner Cr-rich oxide layer, whose relative thickness and composition are dependent on the immersion time.

Influence of the Chemical Dissolution of MnS Inclusions on the Electrochemical Behavior of Stainless Steels

2005

Immersion of stainless steel containing a well-controlled density of MnS inclusions in 1 M NaCI, pH 3 leads to the chemical dissolution of these heterogeneities. This process was studied using in situ atomic force microscopy and the dissolution rate of MnS inclusions was estimated between 0.01 and 0.19 μm 3 /min. The effects of MnS dissolution on the chemical composition and the local electrochemical behavior of the specimen surface were investigated using secondary ion mass spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and the electrochemical microcell technique. It was shown that stable CrS and unstable FeSO 4 were formed. The size of the areas around MnS inclusions affected by the pres…

Evaluation of microhardness, sorption, solubility, and color stability of bulk fill resins : a comparative study

2020

Background Due to the increasing popularity of bulk fill resins, there is a concern that their components can be leached; this is because these are inserted in a single 4-5 mm increment. This in vitro study evaluated the microhardness, sorption, solubility, and color stability of three restorative bulk fill resins, namely: Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TNC), and Opus Bulk Fill (OBF). Material and Methods Cylindrical samples were fabricated to be 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick (n = 10). For the microhardness test, three random indentations were formulated on the samples using a micro-durometer with a load of 300 gf for 15 s. Sorption and solubility were then evaluated (…

Virtual Reality Journalism

2019

Putting Oneself in the Body of Others: A Pilot Study on the Efficacy of an Embodied Virtual Reality System to Generate Self-Compassion

2019

[EN] Compassion-based interventions (CBIs) have been shown to be effective for increasing empathy and compassion, and reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. CBIs are based on constructive meditations where imagery abilities are essential. One of the major difficulties that participants report during the training is the difficulty related to imagery abilities. Virtual reality (VR) can be a useful tool to overcome this limitation because it can facilitate the construction and sustainment of mental images. The machine to be another (TMTBA) uses multi-sensory stimulation to induce a body swap illusion. This system allows participants to see themselves from a third perspective and have the il…

Nature Inspired Scenes for Guided Mindfulness Training: Presence, Perceived Restorativeness and Meditation Depth

2019

Practicing mindfulness-based stress reeducation and other contemplative practices generates a number of health and human performance benefits. However, limited access to qualified training and practice support, as well as poor practice environments, makes it difficult to sustain the habits necessary to develop the attentional regulation skills needed to benefit from mindfulness. In this paper, we report on our research, which focuses on developing immersive environments to support mindfulness-based stress reduction practices. We specifically look at how the design of a virtual environment can foster a restorative experience, if that restorative experience is associated with the depth of the…

The Adoption of New Treatment Modalities by Health Professionals and the Relative Weight of Empirical Evidence in Favor of Virtual Reality Exposure V…

2020

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental disorders, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure exercises is considered as the gold-standard psychological intervention. New psychotherapeutic modalities have emerged in the last decade and, among them, mindfulness has been rapidly adopted by therapists. The adoption rate is slower for the use of virtual reality (VR) to conduct exposure. The goal of the present position paper is to contrast, for the treatment of anxiety disorders, the weight of empirical evidences supporting the use of exposure in VR with the use of mindfulness-based therapy (MBT). Based on the most recent meta-analyses, we found that CBT with exposure co…

Being in the Past and Perform the Future in a Virtual World: VR Applications to Assess and Enhance Episodic and Prospective Memory in Normal and Path…

2020

The process of aging commonly features a gradual deterioration in cognitive performance and, in particular, the decline of memory. Despite the increased longevity of the world's population, the prevalence of neurodegenerative conditions, such as dementia, continues to be a major burden on public health, and consequently, the latest research has been focused on memory and aging. Currently, the failure of episodic and Prospective memory (PM) is one of the main complaints in the elderly, considered among the early symptoms of dementia. It is therefore increasingly important to define more clearly the boundaries between normal and pathological aging. Recently, researchers have begun to build an…