Search results for "Viti"
showing 10 items of 4520 documents
The grapevine flagellin receptor VvFLS2 differentially recognizes flagellin-derived epitopes from the endophytic growth-promoting bacterium Burkholde…
2014
International audience; The role of flagellin perception in the context of plant beneficial bacteria still remains unclear. Here, we characterized the flagellin sensing system flg22-FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) in grapevine, and analyzed the flagellin perception in the interaction with the endophytic plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Burkholderia phytofirmans. The functionality of the grapevine FLS2 receptor, VvFLS2, was demonstrated by complementation assays in the Arabidopsis thaliana fls2 mutant, which restored flg22-induced H2O2 production and growth inhibition. Using synthetic flg22 peptides from different bacterial origins, we compared recognition specificities between VvFLS2…
Multilocus sequence typing confirms the close genetic inter-relatedness between three distinct flavescence doree phytoplasma strain clusters and grou…
2007
ABSTRACT Vineyards of southern France and northern Italy are affected by the flavescence dorée (FD) phytoplasma, a quarantine pathogen transmitted by the leafhopper of Nearctic origin Scaphoideus titanus . To better trace propagation of FD strains and identify possible passage between the vineyard and wild plant compartments, molecular typing of phytoplasma strains was applied. The sequences of the two genetic loci map and uvrB - degV , along with the sequence of the secY gene, were determined among a collection of FD and FD-related phytoplasmas infecting grapevine, alder, elm, blackberry, and Spanish broom in Europe. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses consistently indicated the…
Impact of vector dispersal and host-plant fidelity on the dissemination of an emerging plant pathogen
2012
International audience; Dissemination of vector-transmitted pathogens depend on the survival and dispersal of the vector and the vector's ability to transmit the pathogen, while the host range of vector and pathogen determine the breath of transmission possibilities. In this study, we address how the interaction between dispersal and plant fidelities of a pathogen (stolbur phytoplasma tuf-a) and its vector (Hyalesthes obsoletus: Cixiidae) affect the emergence of the pathogen. Using genetic markers, we analysed the geographic origin and range expansion of both organisms in Western Europe and, specifically, whether the pathogen's dissemination in the northern range is caused by resident vecto…
Stomatal deregulation in Plasmopara viticola-infected grapevine leaves.
2007
International audience; In grapevine, the penetration and sporulation of Plasmopara viticola occur via stomata, suggesting functional relationships between guard cells and the pathogen. This assumption was supported by our first observation that grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Marselan) cuttings infected by P. viticola wilted more rapidly than healthy ones when submitted to water starvation. • Here, complementary approaches measuring stomatal conductance and infrared thermographic and microscopic observations were used to investigate stomatal opening/closure in response to infection. • In infected leaves, stomata remained open in darkness and during water stress, leading to increased transpir…
Anti-Transpirant effects on vine physiology, berry and wine composition of cv. Aglianico (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in South Italy
2019
In viticulture, global warming requires reconsideration of current production models. At the base of this need there are some emerging phenomena: modification of phenological phases
Use of grape racemes from Grillo cultivar to increase the acidity level of sparkling base wines produced with different Saccharomyces cerevisiae stra…
2020
The most important oenological characteristics of high-quality sparkling wines are aromatic aspect, taste persistence, perlage, high levels of acidity and low pH. Due to hot climate and reduced rainfall that characterize Sicily region, white grape varieties such as Grillo cultivar cultivated in this area are characterized by very low concentrations of malic and tartaric acids. Grillo cultivar is characterized by an intense production of raceme grapes with low pH and high content of tartaric and malic acids. These fruits possess the chemical properties useful to increase the amounts of acids in the final wines. With this in mind, the present research was carried out to test the ability of fo…
The use of soil electrical resistivity to monitor plant and soil water relationships in vineyards
2015
Abstract. Soil water availability deeply affects plant physiology. In viticulture it is considered as a major contributor to the "terroir" expression. The assessment of soil water in field conditions is a difficult task especially over large surfaces. New techniques, are therefore required to better explore variations of soil water content in space and time with low disturbance and with great precision. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) meets these requirements, for applications in plant sciences, agriculture and ecology. In this paper, possible techniques to develop models that allow the use of ERT to spatialise soil water available to plants are reviewed. An application of soil wate…
Soil functional indicators in a mountain forest-rangeland mosaic of northern Iran
2021
Abstract Soil plays an essential role in providing ecosystem services, especially in mountain ecosystems which are often considered as fragile and sensitive systems and commonly consist of a mosaic of forest and rangeland plant communities. The relationship between above-ground plant cover and the properties of soil organic and mineral layers in mountain areas are rarely studied. This research aimed to assess the effect of different land covers (i.e. forest, forest-rangeland ecotone, and rangeland) on soil functional indicators, i.e. fertility and biological activities, in the Hyrcanian region of northern Iran. We hypothesized that (i) the presence of tree cover enhances soil fertility and …
Different emergence phenology of European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on six varieties of grapes.
2014
AbstractThe phenology of insect emergence affects reproductive success and is especially critical in short-lived species. An increasing number of studies have documented the effects of thermal and other climatic variations and of unpredictable habitats on the timing of adult insect emergence within and between populations and years. Numerous interacting factors may affect the phenology of adult emergence. Host-plant quality and availability is a key factor that has been largely neglected in studies of the phenology of phytophagous insects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of host plant characteristics on the rate of larval growth and the pattern of emergence in a wild p…
Defense strategies used by two sympatric vineyard moth pests.
2014
8 pages; International audience; Natural enemies including parasitoids are the major biological cause of mortality among phytophagous insects. In response to parasitism, these insects have evolved a set of defenses to protect themselves, including behavioral, morphological, physiological and immunological barriers. According to life history theory, resources are partitioned to various functions including defense, implying trade-offs among defense mechanisms. In this study we characterized the relative investment in behavioral, physical and immunological defense systems in two sympatric species of Tortricidae (Eupoecilia ambiguella, Lobesia botrana) which are important grapevine moth pests. …