Search results for "Vulcan"

showing 10 items of 510 documents

Geochemical survey of Levante Bay, Vulcano Island (Italy), a natural laboratory for the study of ocean acidification

2013

Abstract Shallow submarine gas vents in Levante Bay, Vulcano Island (Italy), emit around 3.6t CO2 per day providing a natural laboratory for the study of biogeochemical processes related to seabed CO2 leaks and ocean acidification. The main physico-chemical parameters (T, pH and Eh) were measured at more than 70 stations with 40 seawater samples were collected for chemical analyses. The main gas vent area had high concentrations of dissolved hydrothermal gases, low pH and negative redox values all of which returned to normal seawater values at distances of about 400 m from the main vents. Much of the bay around the vents is corrosive to calcium carbonate; the north shore has a gradient in s…

0106 biological sciencesSettore BIO/07 - EcologiaBiogeochemical cycle010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesCarbonatesAquatic ScienceOceanography01 natural sciencesCalcium CarbonateMarine geochemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundCarbon capture and storageSeawater14. Life underwaterSeabed0105 earth and related environmental sciences010604 marine biology & hydrobiologyCarbonate saturation stateOcean acidificationOcean acidificationCarbon DioxidePollutionSettore GEO/08 - Geochimica E VulcanologiaVolcanic ventsOceanographyCalcium carbonatechemistryBaysItaly13. Climate actionCarbon dioxideCarbonateSeawaterBayGeologyWater Pollutants ChemicalEnvironmental MonitoringMarine Pollution Bulletin
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Distribution of sea urchins living near shallow water CO2 vents is dependent upon species acid-base and ion-regulatory abilities.

2013

To reduce the negative effect of climate change on Biodiversity, the use of geological CO2 sequestration has been proposed; however leakage from underwater storages may represent a risk to marine life. As extracellular homeostasis is important in determining species' ability to cope with elevated CO2, we investigated the acid-base and ion regulatory responses, as well as the density, of sea urchins living around CO2 vents at Vulcano, Italy. We conducted in situ transplantation and field-based laboratory exposures to different pCO2/pH regimes. Our results confirm that sea urchins have some ability to regulate their extracellular fluid under elevated pCO2. Furthermore, we show that even in cl…

0106 biological sciencesSettore BIO/07 - EcologiaGeological Phenomena010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesClimate ChangeSpecies distributionBiodiversityMarine lifeAquatic ScienceOceanography01 natural sciencesParacentrotus lividushowever leakage from underwater storages may represent a risk to marine life. As extracellular homeostasis is important in determining species' ability to cope with elevated CO2 we investigated the acid-base and ion regulatory responses as well as the density of sea urchins living around CO2 vents at Vulcano Italy. We conducted in situ transplantation and field-based laboratory exposures to different pCO2/pH regimes. Our results confirm that sea urchins have some ability to regulate their extracellular fluid under elevated pCO2. Furthermore we show that even in closely-related taxa divergent physiological capabilities underlie differences in taxa distribution around the CO2 vent. It is concluded that species distribution under the sort of elevated CO2 conditions occurring with leakages from geological storages and future ocean acidification scenarios may partly be determined by quite subtle physiological differentiation.Mediterranean seaBenthosAnimalsSeawater14. Life underwaterEcosystem0105 earth and related environmental sciencesbiologyEcology010604 marine biology & hydrobiologyTo reduce the negative effect of climate change on Biodiversity the use of geological CO2 sequestration has been proposedOcean acidificationCarbon DioxideHydrogen-Ion Concentrationbiology.organism_classificationAdaptation PhysiologicalPollutionTransplantationOceanographyItaly13. Climate actionSea UrchinsWater Pollutants Chemical
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Impact on Air Quality of the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Urban Area of Palermo (Italy).

2020

At the end of 2019, the first cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were reported in Wuhan, China. Thereafter, the number of infected people increased rapidly, and the outbreak turned into a national crisis, with infected individuals all over the country. The COVID-19 global pandemic produced extreme changes in human behavior that affected air quality. Human mobility and production activities decreased significantly, and many regions recorded significant reductions in air pollution. The goal of our investigation was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the concentrations of the main air pollutants in the urban area of Palermo (Italy). In this study, the trends in the average…

2019-20 coronavirus outbreak010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Urban PopulationHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisPneumonia ViralAir pollutionlcsh:Medicine010501 environmental sciencesUrban areamedicine.disease_cause01 natural sciencesArticleSettore BIO/01 - Botanica GeneralelockdownAir pollutantsEnvironmental healthAir PollutionmedicineHumansAir quality indexPandemics0105 earth and related environmental sciencesgeographygeography.geographical_feature_categorylcsh:RPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthOutbreakCOVID-19Particulatesair qualityurban environmentCO–NO2–O3–PM10Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica E VulcanologiaAir quality COVID-19 CO–NO2–O3–PM10 Lockdown Urban environmentItalyQuarantineEnvironmental scienceCoronavirus InfectionsInternational journal of environmental research and public health
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Thermomineral waters of Greece: geochemical characterization

2020

75 °C). In terms of pH most results vary from 5.5 to 823 °C) ii) warm (23 40 °C) iii) thermal (40 75 °C) and iv) hyperthermal (&gtfew springs show either very low pH (&lt10) proposing serpentinization processes. Regarding TDS concentrations collected waters can be subdivided into low salinity (up to 1.5 g/L) brackish (up to 20 g/L) and saline (up to 43 g/L). The medium high salinities can be justified by mixing with sea water and/or strong waterrock interaction processes. Isotope composition of O and H ranges from 12.7 to +2.7 ‰ SMOW and from 91 to +12 ‰ SMOW respectively and is generally comprised between the Global Meteoric Water Line and the East Mediterranean Meteoric Water Line. Only few water samples show a positive shift for δ18O possibly related to high temperature waterrock interaction processes. Carbon dioxide (18 997000 μmol/mol) or N2 (1100 989000 μmol/mol) or CH4 (&ltMany geothermal areas of Greece are located in regions affected by Miocene or Quaternary volcanism and in continental basins characterised by elevated heat flow. Moreover the majority of them is found along the coast as well as in islands of the Aegean Sea and thus thermal water is often brackish to saline due to marine intrusion into costal aquifer. In the present study almost 300 thermal and cold mineral water samples were collected along the Hellenic territory with their physicochemical parameters (temperature pH electrical conductivity and Eh) and the amount of bicarbonates (titration with 0.1N HCl) being determined in situ. Additionally gases found either in free or dissolved phase were sampled. Both water and gas samples were analysed at the INGVPa laboratories for major ions (Ion Chromatography) silica (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) chemical composition of free and dissolved gases (Gas Chromatography) water isotopes (O and H) and carbon and helium isotopes of free and dissolved gases (Mass Spectrometry). The temperature of the investigated waters ranges from 6.5 to 98°C pH from 1.96 to 11.98 whilst Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) from 0.06 to 43 g/L. Based on the temperature parameter waters can be divided into four groups: i) cold (&lt0.5 913000 μmol/mol) are the prevailing gas species found in the studied sites. The δ13CCO2 values ranged from 20.1 to +8.5 ‰ whilst the isotope ratio of He from 0.21 to 6.71 R/RA.4) suggesting interaction with H2Srich gases or very high pH values (&gtSettore GEO/08 - Geochimica E Vulcanologia
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Trace elements in scalp hair samples from patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

2015

Background Epidemiological studies have suggested a possible role of trace elements (TE) in the etiology of several neurological diseases including Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Hair analysis provides an easy tool to quantify TE in human subjects, including patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Objective To compare TE levels in scalp hair from patients with MS and healthy controls from the same geographic area (Sicily). Methods ICP-MS was used to determine the concentrations of 21 elements (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sr, U, V and Zn) in scalp hair of 48 patients with relapsing–remitting Multiple Sclerosis compared with 51 healthy controls. Results MS …

AdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtyPercentilePathologylcsh:MedicineGastroenterologyIndirect evidenceMultiple sclerosisMultiple Sclerosis Relapsing-RemittingInternal medicinemedicineHuman scalp hairHumanslcsh:ScienceAgedTrace elementsMultidisciplinaryExpanded Disability Status ScaleScalpChemistryMultiple sclerosisSignificant differenceHair analysislcsh:RMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseRubidiumTrace ElementsSettore GEO/08 - Geochimica E Vulcanologiamedicine.anatomical_structureRelapsing remittingScalpUraniumFemalelcsh:QAluminumHairResearch Article
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Constraints on mantle source and interactions due to He-Ar isotope variations in Marsili seamount and eastern Aeolian Volcanic Arc (Panarea and Strom…

2011

AeolianPanareaVolcanic ArcStromboliHe-ArisotopeSettore GEO/08 - Geochimica E Vulcanologia
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COARSEMAP: synthesis of observations and models for coarse-mode aerosols

2017

Coarse mode aerosols influence Earth's climate and biogeochemistry by interacting with long-wave radiation, promoting ice nucleation, and contributing important elements to biogeochemical cycles during deposition. Yet coarse mode aerosols have received less emphasis in the scientific literature. Here we present first efforts to globally synthesize available mass concentration, compositionand optical depth data and modeling for the coarse mode aerosols (<10 μm) in a new project called "COARSEMAP" (http://www.geo.cornell.edu/eas/PeoplePlaces/Faculty/mahowald/COARSEMAP/). We seek more collaborators who have observational data, especially including elemental or composition data, and/or who a…

Aerosols and particles ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURESettore GEO/08 - Geochimica E Vulcanologia
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Case study: inorganic pollutants associated with particulate matter from an area near a petrochemical plant.

2004

The area of Gela (Sicily, Italy) contains one of the largest petroleum refineries in Europe and also has several oil fields both on land and offshore. This paper discusses how the oil refinery and traffic-related air pollution affect the chemical composition of airborne particulate matter over the town of Gela, using pine needles and urban road dust as the means of survey. Forty-one samples of pine needles from Pinus halepensis (Mill.) and two composite samples of roadway dust, each subdivided into six size fractions, were analyzed for major and trace elements. Information on the natural or anthropogenic origin of the observed heavy metals was deduced from factor analysis and element distri…

Air pollutionAir pollutionmedicine.disease_causeBiochemistryExtraction and Processing IndustryMetals in airchemistry.chemical_compoundPhenolsMetals HeavymedicineCitiesParticle SizeChemical compositionAir quality indexSicilyGeneral Environmental ScienceVehicle EmissionsPollutantAir PollutantsOil refineryBiogeochemistryDustBiogeochemistryParticulatesPinusSettore GEO/08 - Geochimica E VulcanologiaPlant LeavesIndustrial emissionchemistryEnvironmental chemistryPetroleumEnvironmental scienceParticulate matterEnvironmental MonitoringEnvironmental research
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Dust, Metals and Metalloids in the Environment: From Air to Hair .

2013

Billions tons of particulate matter, made up of inorganic and organic compounds, are released every year into the atmosphere, from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The latter, which include geogenic material from erosion, agriculture, sea spray and volcanic activity, account for about 97% of the total mass of particles. The contribution of anthropogenic sources, about 3%, is more pronounced in industrialised and also in urban areas, where vehicular traffic is one of the most important sources. When examining the health impact, in addition to mass level and size, two other main characteristics of particulate matter need to be considered: its nature and chemical composition. These para…

Air pollutionParticulatesSea spraymedicine.disease_causeMetals Metalloids Air lead isotope HairNatural (archaeology)Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica E VulcanologiaAtmosphereEnvironmental chemistrymedicineErosionEnvironmental scienceMetalloidChemical composition
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Constituents of Peperomia vulcanica Baker & C. H. Wright (Piperaceae) with antiparasitic activity

2021

Abstract The investigation of the CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1) extract of Peperomia vulcanica which showed antileishmanial activity during preliminary screening led to the isolation of two previously unknown compounds named peperolignan (1) and peperotannin (2) along with 13 known compounds. Their structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data. The isolated compounds were assessed in vitro for their antileishmanial and antiplasmodial activities against Leishmania donovani 1S (MHOM/SD/62/1S) promastigotes and the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 strain (Pf3D7), respectively. They were also assessed for their cytotoxicity on Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. The mixture of …

Antiparasiticmedicine.drug_classLeishmania donovaniPeperomia vulcaniaPlant Science01 natural sciencesBiochemistryAntiplasmodialmedicineAntileishmanialCytotoxicityIC50biologyTraditional medicine010405 organic chemistryChemistryPeperomia vulcanicaPlasmodium falciparumPeperotanninPiperaceaePiperaceaebiology.organism_classificationPeperolignanIn vitro0104 chemical sciences010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistryAgronomy and Crop ScienceBiotechnologyPhytochemistry Letters
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