Search results for "WNT"

Oligodendrogliogenic and neurogenic adult subependymal zone neural stem cells constitute distinct lineages and exhibit differential responsiveness to…

2012

The adult mouse subependymal zone (SEZ) harbours adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) that give rise to neuronal and oligodendroglial progeny. However it is not known whether the same aNSC can give rise to neuronal and oligodendroglial progeny or whether these distinct progenies constitute entirely separate lineages. Continuous live imaging and single-cell tracking of aNSCs and their progeny isolated from the mouse SEZ revealed that aNSCs exclusively generate oligodendroglia or neurons, but never both within a single lineage. Moreover, activation of canonical Wnt signalling selectively stimulated proliferation within the oligodendrogliogenic lineage, resulting in a massive increase in oligodendr…

Successive specification ofDrosophilaneuroblasts NB 6-4 and NB 7-3 depends on interaction of the segment polarity geneswingless,gooseberryandnaked cu…

2001

The Drosophila central nervous system derives from neural precursor cells, the neuroblasts (NBs), which are born from the neuroectoderm by the process of delamination. Each NB has a unique identity, which is revealed by the production of a characteristic cell lineage and a specific set of molecular markers it expresses. These NBs delaminate at different but reproducible time points during neurogenesis (S1-S5) and it has been shown for early delaminating NBs (S1/S2) that their identities depend on positional information conferred by segment polarity genes and dorsoventral patterning genes. We have studied mechanisms leading to the fate specification of a set of late delaminating neuroblasts,…

A Mutually Stimulating Loop Involving Emx2 and Canonical Wnt Signalling Specifically Promotes Expansion of Occipital Cortex and Hippocampus

2005

The correct size of the different areas composing the mature cerebral cortex depends on the proper early allocation of cortical progenitors to their distinctive areal fates, as well as on appropriate subsequent tuning of their area-specific proliferation--differentiation profiles. Whereas much is known about the genetics of the former process, the molecular mechanisms regulating proliferation and differentiation rates within distinctive cortical proto-areas are still largely obscure. Here we show that a mutual stimulating loop, involving Emx2 and canonical Wnt signalling, specifically promotes expansion of the occipito-hippocampal anlage. Collapse of this loop occurring in Emx2 2/2 mutants …

Lipid Droplets: A New Player in Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Unveiled by Spectroscopic Imaging

2015

Abstract The cancer stem cell (CSC) model is describing tumors as a hierarchical organized system and CSCs are suggested to be responsible for cancer recurrence after therapy. The identification of specific markers of CSCs is therefore of paramount importance. Here, we show that high levels of lipid droplets (LDs) are a distinctive mark of CSCs in colorectal (CR) cancer. This increased lipid content was clearly revealed by label-free Raman spectroscopy and it directly correlates with well-accepted CR-CSC markers as CD133 and Wnt pathway activity. By xenotransplantation experiments, we have finally demonstrated that CR-CSCs overexpressing LDs retain most tumorigenic potential. A relevant con…

P008 Differences in macrophage infiltration and Wnt ligands expression between stricturing and penetrating behaviour in Crohn’s disease

2018

Crisis, convivencia multicultural y "efectos de barrio". El caso de dos barrios de Valencia

2015

La inserción urbana de los inmigrantes se desestabiliza y se pone a prueba con la crisis y las políticas aplicadas. Si bien en Valencia se mantiene una convivencia tranquila, la situación de los servicios públicos aumenta la competencia por recursos escasos entre vecinos de diferentes orígenes. Este texto presenta, en el marco de la ciudad de Valencia, un análisis comparativo de dos barrios receptores de inmigrantes que presentan fuertes contrastes. Por un lado, Russafa un barrio céntrico popular y en proceso de gentrification; por otro, Els Orriols, un barrio periférico obrero. Aún con muchos rasgos comunes, la intensidad del recelo hacia el inmigrante varía de un barrio a otro en función …

The Effects of Downturns on Labour Force Participation

2011

This paper uses an impulse-response function approach to assess the magnitude and persistence of the effects of downturns on labour force participation for a sample of 30 countries over the period 1960-2008. Past severe recessions appear to have had a significant and persistent impact on participation, while moderate downturns did not. The aggregate participation rate effect of severe downturns peaked on average at about 1½ to 2½ percentage points five to eight years after the cyclical peak, and was still significant after almost a decade. Youths and older workers account for the bulk of this effect. Institutional and policy settings are found to be an important factor having shaped the res…

Diagnosis of Incipient Bearing Faults using Convolutional Neural Networks

2019

The majority of faults occurring in rotating electrical machinery is attributed to bearings. To reduce downtime, it is desired to apply various diagnostic methods so that bearing degradation can be detected in good time prior to a complete failure. The work presented in this paper utilizes a data-driven machine learning approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in order to diagnose different types of bearing faults. A one-dimensional CNN is trained on vibration signals and compared to a two-dimensional CNN trained in time-frequency domain using continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The proposed method is demonstrated on data collected from run-to-failure tests.The results show th…

On-line monitoring of food fermentation processes using electronic noses and electronic tongues: A review

2013

Fermentation processes are often sensitive to even slight changes of conditions that may result in unacceptable end-product quality. Thus, close follow-up of this type of processes is critical for detecting unfavorable deviations as early as possible in order to save downtime, materials and resources. Nevertheless the use of traditional analytical techniques is often hindered by the need for expensive instrumentation and experienced operators and complex sample preparation. In this sense, one of the most promising ways of developing rapid and relatively inexpensive methods for quality control in fermentation processes is the use of chemical multisensor systems. In this work we present an ov…

Determination of Pareto frontier in multi-objective maintenance optimization

2011

Abstract The objective of a maintenance policy generally is the global maintenance cost minimization that involves not only the direct costs for both the maintenance actions and the spare parts, but also those ones due to the system stop for preventive maintenance and the downtime for failure. For some operating systems, the failure event can be dangerous so that they are asked to operate assuring a very high reliability level between two consecutive fixed stops. The present paper attempts to individuate the set of elements on which performing maintenance actions so that the system can assure the required reliability level until the next fixed stop for maintenance, minimizing both the globa…