Search results for "Wage"

The Issue Arena of a Corporate Social Responsibility Crisis : The Volkswagen Case in Twitter

2016

This paper explores the online debate in a corporate social responsibility crisis, where multiple actors communicate through social media, each representing different interests and views pertaining to the crisis. The study utilizes Twitter data relating to the recent case of the falsified Volkswagen diesel emissions that became public in 2015. To better understand the online interaction, use is made of issue arena theory and insights on CSR crises. The focus is on capturing the issue as it evolved over time, the actors and sentiments expressed, and the responses of the organization. The findings show that after the case became public, the emissions issue received massive attention in Twitte…

Does ICT Usage Erode Routine Occupations at the Firm Level?

2019

We present decompositions and regression analyses that evaluate the routinization hypothesis and occupational polarization at the firm level. We establish two important facts. First, the results for the increasing abstract and declining routine occupation shares of total wage bill are consistent with the routinization hypothesis at the firm level. Second, the observed changes coincide with the usage of ICT in firms. This implies that disappearing middle-level (routine) work can be traced to firm-level technological change. Peer reviewed

Wastewater-based epidemiology, a tool to bridge biomarkers of exposure, contaminants, and human health

2021

The concept of wastewater-based epidemiology also known as sewage epidemiology was proposed by Daughton in 2001. Wastewater-based epidemiology has become now a reality that makes it possible to determine consumption or exposure to chemical substances or pathogens in a population by measuring certain compounds (drugs of abuse, metabolites, or biomarkers) or microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, and parasites) in wastewater. The first and most developed application is the estimation of illicit drug consumption in communities or populations, but it can be used to measure both consumption and exposure to a wide range of substances and pathogens. Its recent application to measure the severe acute r…

Assessing alcohol consumption through wastewater-based epidemiology: Spain as a case study

2020

Background In this study, an alternative and complementary method to those approaches currently used to estimate alcohol consumption by the population is described. This method, known as wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), allows back-calculating the alcohol consumption rate in a given population from the concentrations of a selected biomarker measured in wastewater. Methods Composite (24-h) wastewater samples were collected at the inlet of 17 wastewater treatment plants located in 13 Spanish cities for seven consecutive days in 2018. The sampled area covered 12.8% of the Spanish population. Wastewater samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of ethyl sulfate, the biomarker use…

Initial pH Conditions Shape the Microbial Community Structure of Sewage Sludge in Batch Fermentations for the Improvement of Volatile Fatty Acid Prod…

2022

Conversion of wastewater treatment plants into biorefineries is a sustainable alternative for obtaining valuable compounds, thus reducing pollutants and costs and protecting the environment and human health. Under specific operating conditions, microbial fermentative products of sewage sludge are volatile fatty acids (VFA) that can be precursors of polyhydroxyalkanoate thermoplastic polyesters. The role of various operating parameters in VFA production has yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to correlate the levels of VFA yields with prokaryotic microbiota structures of sewage sludge in two sets of batch fermentations with an initial pH of 8 and 10. The sewage sludge used to inoculate th…

"Social Dumping" and " Letterbox Companies" - Interdependent or Mutually Exclusive Concepts in European Union Law?

2017

Mobilność wybranych metali ciężkich w komunalnych osadach ściekowych

2016

The research was aimed at determining the interaction of municipal sewage sludge with the environment in the aspect of its potential for land applications in agriculture, land reclamation and land adaptation to different uses. Sequential extraction of heavy metals according to Brümmer’s method was used in the study. A detailed interpretation of the data allowed to state that the highest content of copper was found in one of the most mobile bindings (fraction I). For other heavy metals only trace amounts were found in the bindings considered as the most mobile (fraction I-III) which proved less risk posed to the environment. The highest percentage share of heavy metals in the investigated sl…

“Natural wages dynamics in a Ricardian growth model”

2006

Ricardian growth models are generally built on the assumption of a constant natural wage. Such an assumption conceals the fact that classical economists were aware that in growing economies workers' normal pattern of consumption steadily rise both in terms of quantity and quality. In the first part of the chapter we gather some classical hints on the relationship between economic growth and natural wages in order to provide a rational reconstruction of the classical point of view on natural wage dynamics. In the second part of the chapter we propose a formal analysis of the dynamics of a Ricardian model with endogenous natural wage

Dramatistinen analyysi Volkswagenin toimitusjohtajien lausunnoista päästöhuijausskandaalin yhteydessä

2017

Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kuvata Volkswagen-konsernin toimitusjohtajien sekä sen yhdysvaltalaisen tytäryhtiön toimitusjohtajan vaikuttamisen keinoja suuren kriisin yhteydessä. Tavoitteena oli lisätä ymmärrystä siitä, millaisia piirteitä johtajien viestintään liittyy. Aihetta tutkittiin dramatistisen teoriataustan kautta ja kohteeksi valittiin ylimmät johtohenkilöt siitä syystä, että he antoivat ainoat viralliset ja henkilöityneet lausunnot kriisistä. Lisäksi heidän vaikuttamista pystyttiin vertailemaan keskenään työpositioiden samankaltaisuuden vuoksi. Tulosten perusteella Volkswagen-konsernin toimitusjohtajien vaikuttamisen retoriikka on hyvin nöyrää ja nopeasti kriisistä eteenpäin…

Economics of wage premia and wage rigidity

2017

The focus of this dissertation is on the effects of specific employer characteristics on wages and wage rigidity and how these characteristics enter the wage-setting process. The dissertation includes an introductory chapter and five separate essays. The introduction provides motivation, background on the main keywords and an overview of the thesis. Chapters two and three study how internal references affect wages and wage rigidity from a theoretical perspective. The fourth chapter estimates the effect of firm size on wages in the Finnish labor market. Chapter five develops on the preceding and analyses how profit sharing schemes affect the firm size premium. Chapter six studies how interna…