Search results for "Wages"
showing 10 items of 41 documents
Gender differences in French undergraduates' academic plans and wage expectations
2016
International audience; Gender differences in wage expectations may affect investment in human capital and increase inequalities in the labour market. Our research based on a survey of first-year students at a French university aims to focus on expectations at the beginning of the career. Our results show that anticipated earnings differ significantly between men and women. One year after graduation, we find a gender gap in pay of 16 percent. A wage decomposition method indicates that most of this effect is due to anticipation of discrimination. Ten years after graduation, anticipated discrimination is still almost as dominant in explaining the gender gap in pay. Finally, using a survey of …
The public–private sector wage gap in Latvia
2018
This study investigates the public-private sector wage gap in Latvia using microdata from the labour force survey. The severity of public sector wage cuts employed as a response to the economic crisis and subsequent recovery provides a test bed to analyse whether and how the public-private sector wage gap has adjusted after consolidation-driven wage cuts. Findings reveal that the observed wage gap is slightly in favour of the public sector; however, once differences in individual characteristics and selection effects are considered, results point to a private sector wage premium. Findings also suggest that the private sector wage premium has increased since the pre-crisis period. A signific…
Population Growth and Manufacturing Real Wages in 18th Century England: A Spatial Perspective
2004
We develop a two-region population growth model of economic geography and show that a process of urbanization has a substantial impact on the evolution of manufacturing real wages. Whereas real wages decline as the population increases when the spatial structure of the economy is fixed, they actually rise in the long-run when factors are mobile. Agglomeration may hence be seen as a rational response to declining real wages and provides a new explanation of why manufacturing real wages did not decline prior to the Industrial Revolution in England, despite a historically unprecedented population growth.
Labour, wages, and non-wages income
2012
International audience;
Public sector wage premium and output volatility in the European Union
2018
This study seeks to uncover the role played by the public sector wage premium in explaining the output volatility. Furthermore, the study also explores the factors that might substantiate the cross-country differences in the volatility of the public sector wage premium. Using cross-sectional regression analysis for the European Union countries, the findings indicate that more volatile public sector wage premium is associated with higher fluctuations in the private sector employment and less stable growth. Findings also suggest that volatility of the public sector wage premium tends to be larger in countries with smaller governments and in countries where collective bargaining is the predomi…
Dynamics of real labour productivity and real compensation in Latvia
2019
Relationship between labour productivity and wages is an important issue not only for economists, but also for policy makers. In the last decades, we have witnessed that in the EU15 wage growth has been lagging productivity growth. At the same time in Latvia, also in some other central and eastern European member states, wages increased more than productivity, rising concerns about disbalance in the economy. However, comparison of wage level and productivity level in Latvia and respective levels in the EU15 shows that wage level in Latvia is much below the EU15 average value in absolute terms, but also in relation to productivity level. To understand whether dissimilarities in wage and prod…
Explaining the rising precariat in Spain
2020
[EN] Spanish GDP indicator figures recover while the risk of poverty has not stopped increasing since 2007 given the continuous austerity policies adopted by Governments, while labour and welfare conditions have worsened. A new phenomenon is emerging: the flattening of the Spanish middle class. This study proposes a model to quantify the number of individuals according to their level of precariousness in Spain. The model allows us to predict the behaviour of society in Spain given the mimetic nature of humans by constructing a discrete finite epidemiological model that classifies and quantifies the population in Spain according to its risk of precariousness. Our results show a rise in the p…
Les incitations à l'innovation dans le secteur privé
2011
En ligne sur http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=REL_792_0045; International audience; L'innovation est devenue un facteur clé de la croissance économique. La question des incitations à l'innovation au sein des entreprises est donc primordiale. Dans ce papier, nous nous intéressons au type d'incitations monétaires reçues par les inventeurs au sein des entreprises avec une attention particulière à la mobilité inter-entreprise de ces derniers. Les résultats montrent un rendement salarial positif pour les inventeurs, celui-ci est plus important pour les inventeurs ayant connu une mobilité inter-entreprise, ce qui pourrait suggérer que les entreprises sont prêtes à payer les connaissa…
School aspirations, cognitive skills and wage expectations of French Undergraduates
2013
en ligne : http://cemapre.iseg.utl.pt/educonf/2e3/files/submissions_to_web/Bonnard%20Claire_%20Giret%20Jean-Francois_Lambert-Le%20Mener%20Marielle.pdf; This paper aims to study the earnings expectations of first-year students at a French university and to compare them with the observed earnings of young people in the labour market for that same year. Our findings highlight the importance of the environment in which students make their choices about education. Expected earnings are proportionally higher when their parents seem to be involved in the careers guidance, even controlling for the effect of parental socio-economic status. The positive opinion of parents about the orientation or the…
Pobreza laboral en España : causas y alternativas políticas
2017
En el contexto de la crisis actual los trabajadores y trabajadoras pobres son una nueva realidad y las tasas de pobreza en España se encuentran entre las más altas de Europa. Habitualmente la pobreza se relacionada con el desempleo y la jubilación. Pero desde 2007 las características de las personas afectadas han cambiado radicalmente. Colectivos que tradicionalmente se consideraban "protegidos" (personas ocupadas, con nivel educativo alto…) ahora ya no lo están. El fuerte incremento de la pobreza que ha tenido lugar y la generalización del problema a nuevos grupos sociales significan un nuevo desafío para el trabajo decente y la integración social. Desde nuestro punto de vista las causas d…