Search results for "Water"
showing 10 items of 9348 documents
Enabling Searches on Wavelengths in a Hyperspectral Indices Database
2018
Abstract. Spectral indices derived from hyperspectral reflectance measurements are powerful tools to estimate physical parameters in a non-destructive and precise way for several fields of applications, among others vegetation health analysis, coastal and deep water constituents, geology, and atmosphere composition. In the last years, several micro-hyperspectral sensors have appeared, with both full-frame and push-broom acquisition technologies, while in the near future several hyperspectral spaceborne missions are planned to be launched. This is fostering the use of hyperspectral data in basic and applied research causing a large number of spectral indices to be defined and used in various…
Comparison of a near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy system and skin conductance measurements for in vivo estimation of skin hydration: a clinical …
2017
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system was developed for estimation of skin hydration in the near-infrared spectral range of 900-1700 nm. Experimental setup consisted of a near-infrared spectrometer, Y-type fiber optics probe with 1 detection and 6 illumination fibers, halogen-tungsten light source and a PC. By analyzing diffuse reflectance spectrum, a parameter representing skin hydration by performing baseline correction and calculating the area under the 1450 nm water absorption maximum is proposed. A clinical study was performed acquiring data of skin hydration of 39 patients' forearm skin. Results of the developed system are compared to results obtained by a commercial device based on…
Analysis of Biomass Characteristics in MBR and MB-MBR Systems Fed with Synthetic Wastewater: Influence of a Gradual Salinity Increase
2014
The paper presents the results of a field gathering campaign carried out on two different pilot scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems, treating synthetic wastewater subject to a gradual increase of salinity. One was a conventional MBR system, while the other was a moving bed biofilm membrane bioreactor (MB-MBR), which combines suspended biomass and biofilm. Indeed, the presence of suspended carriers inside the bioreactor seems to give benefits due to the collisions between the circulating media and the membrane. The aim of the study was the comparison of two configurations in terms of biomass activity characterization and performance (pollutants removal and hydraulic behaviour). The resul…
Biological Approaches to the Treatment of Saline Oily Waste(waters) Originated from Marine Transportation
2012
Oily wastewater generated, in amounts of millions of tons per year, by ships mainly in engine-rooms (bilge waters) and by washing oil tanks (slops) create a major disposal problem throughout the world because of the persistence and accumulation of xenobiotic compounds in the environment. The high salinity levels (up to 25.000 p.p.m.) and the pollutants concentration limit the chances of discharge into the sewer systems and address the disposal of these waste(water)s to the sea. Tightening effluent regulations and consequent high energy and management costs has generated interest in the introduction of biological phases in the treatment of these wastewater. The objectives of this study were …
Valorization of waste solvents through supercritical water gasification
2017
The supercritical water gasification of various organic species belonging to the groups of organic acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and phenols, has been studied as a possible waste disposal method for polluted water stream produced in industries and laboratories. Gasification has been investigated using a 200 cm3 down flow reactor working continuously at 24 MPa and 660 °C. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is effective for the syngas production at very high conversion rate for all the species investigates, but phenol. Phenol, when mixed with other species, has an inhibitory effect of the radical chain gasification mechanism that dramatically reduced the gasification performance. …
Fabrication and characterization of nanostructured Ni and Pd electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water-alkaline electrolyzer
2017
In the field of water-alkaline electrolyzer, the development of nanoporous low cost nickel electrodes is one of the potential approaches to increase electrocatalytic activity. Template electrodeposition is a facile and cheap technique for obtaining Ni nanowires (NWs) with high surface area. These nanostructures were fabricated by a two-step procedure. In the first step, a Ni compact layer was deposited on one side of the template where a gold film was previously sputtered, while, in the second-step, an ordered array of Ni-NWs was obtained by electrodeposition inside the template channels. The NWs were firmly connected to the underlying Ni layer, acting as a current collector. In order to en…
Effect of Oxidized Potato Starch on the Physicochemical Properties of Soy Protein Isolate-Based Edible Films
2013
The influence of oxidized starch on the physicochemical properties of cast soy protein isolate films is determined in this study. Films were cast from heated (70 °C for 20 min) alkaline (pH=10) aqueous solutions of 7 % soy protein isolate containing 50 % (by mass) glycerol as a plasticizer and different levels of added oxidized starch (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 %, by mass). For all types of films, opacity, contact angle, tensile strength, elongation at break, water vapour permeability, measured at 25 °C for four relative humidity differentials (30–53, 30–75, 30–84 and 30–100 %), differential scanning calorimetry and microstructure were determined after conditioning film specimens at 25 °C and 30…
Cambio tecnológico, privatización y recuperación de la autogestión comunitaria del riego. El caso de Senyera (València)
2018
[ES] Los procesos de cambio de tecnología del riego están facilitando la penetración silenciosa de la empresa privada en los sistemas de gestión colectiva del riego en numerosos lugares de España y otros países mediterráneos. Este artículo analiza este fenómeno a partir del caso de estudio de Senyera (València), siguiendo la privatización, la disputa y la posterior recolectivización de la gestión por parte de los usuarios del riego. El trabajo muestra como la privatización menoscaba la autonomía de los agricultores y eleva los costes de gestión en un contexto de escasa transparencia. También revela la capacidad de los regantes para reelaborar su pasada acción colectiva, dando lugar a una nu…
Land surface temperature representativeness in a heterogeneous area through a distributed energy-water balance model and remote sensing data
2010
Land surface temperature is the link between soil-vegetation-atmosphere fluxes and soil water content through the energy water balance. This paper analyses the representativeness of land surface temperature (LST) for a distributed hydrological water balance model (FEST-EWB) using LST from AHS (airborne hyperspectral scanner), with a spatial resolution between 2–4 m, LST from MODIS, with a spatial resolution of 1000 m, and thermal infrared radiometric ground measurements that are compared with the representative equilibrium temperature that closes the energy balance equation in the distributed hydrological model. <br><br> Diurnal and nocturnal images are analyzed due to the non s…
Yielding of a quartz sand from saturated to dry state
2020
The paper presents the results of an experimental work where we analyse the behaviour of an unsaturated quartz sand in a wide range of degree of saturation (from saturated to dry state). The possibility of anticipating the hydro-mechanical behaviour of the soils when they approach the dry state is fundamental in many areas. An extensive experimental program, including controlled-suction and constant water content oedometric tests, was carried out to deeply analyse the water retention behaviour and the relationship between the yield stress and suction (Loading-Collapse curve). All elasto-plastic models provide a monotonically increase of the yield stress with suction. This assumption implies…