Search results for "Weed"
showing 10 items of 321 documents
ENGAGED: System design of direct seedings under permanent cover crop without glyphosate
2022
Direct seeding under permanent cover crop (SDCV) corresponds to sow a crop in a multiyear vegetal cover crop(often clover) without soil perturbation. It is an emblematic technique of Conservation Agriculture whose agronomicand environmental interests are multiple because of the special attention paid to soils. However, the issue of weedcontrol and permanent cover crop control is central to SDCV culture systems. The use of non-selective herbicide suchas glyphosate is the most common technical lever for weed and cover crop management. Glyphosate is in the hotseat since the President of France announced its banning from 2023. It becomes necessary to find alternatives for thesustainability of t…
Strategic tillage in Conservation Agriculture : consequences on weed communities and winter wheat productivity
2021
In Europe, Conservation Agriculture is currently challenged by higher weed pressure, potential glyphosate ban andreduced crop yield. The introduction of strategic tillage could be a viable option to diversify selection pressures onweeds and increase crop yield. Three types of fallow management (ploughing (CT), reduced tillage (RT), no-till withglyphosate (NT)) were compared on four fields after 17 years of no-plough, which ended with 7 years of NT. Weeddensity, weed composition, crop productivity and yield components were assessed in the following winter wheat.The reintegration of tillage after 17 years of Conservation Agriculture proved to be a major driver of weed communities before weedi…
Développement d’un outil d’aide à la décision pour la gestion intégrée des adventices
2016
Integrated weed management consists in using several weed management techniques in a long-term approach. The vast number of techniques precludes cropping systems from being easily conceived and climatic interactions render the systems difficult to pursue. Farmers and farm advisors need decision support systems (DSS) to develop weed management strategies adapted to multicriteria/multiobjectives of weed management, to the economic, social and environmental stakes and to the constraints of farmers. Such a DSS is developed from the mechanistic weed dynamic model FLORSYS. This model is a “virtual field” allowing the evaluation of the performance of agricultural systems over a large range of agri…
The role of models in management and conservation of weeds
2013
Session 7 - Options and perspectives in weed managementEASPEEcolDurCT1; Weeds are both a harmful crop pest and an important component of biodiversity. Moreover, herbicide use must be reduced to limit its impact on environment, and weed control must now combine numerous management techniques with partial efficiency aiming at preventing weed occurrence. Biological regulations of weeds by other biotic components could also contribute to control infestations. Thus, new cropping systems are needed, combining numerous techniques and aiming at both maximising weed-related biodiversity and minimising weed harmfulness.[br/]Weed dynamics models are increasingly used to design innovative cropping syst…
What are the biological determinants of regeneration of perennial weeds? Effect of fragment weight and bud number on the regrowth of five perennial w…
2022
Perennial weeds have become an increasing problem with the reduction of herbicide use andtillage. Because of their capacity to regenerate from vegetative organs, such as roots andrhizomes, they must be controlled with different management techniques than annuals. Todate, few studies exist on this topic and farmers often lack solutions to control perennials intheir cropping systems. Management strategies must focus on the depletion of theregenerative organ reserves to hamper the production of new shoots. However, there is aneed for a better understanding of below-ground organs physiology and the determiningfactors of their regrowth capacities.Our aim was to assess the number of shoots and th…
Modélisation des effets des systèmes de culture sur la dynamique de l’orobanche rameuse en interaction avec les adventices
2016
Branched broomrape, Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel, is a parasitic plant which causes important yield losses in crops, particularly in winter oilseed rape in France. In order to design efficient pest management strategies, we modelled the effects of cropping systems on branched broomrape dynamics in interaction with weeds and crops in a model called PHERASYS. PHERASYS functions and parameters were based on literature and on our own experiments. The model simulates the complete life-cycle of the parasite, from seed dynamics in the soil to seed production after development on the host. Interactions between the parasite and crops and weeds were characterized at the species level and at the plan…
Parameterizing the "grassland" module in the multispecific model FlorSys
2013
EAEcolDurCT1; The multispecies model FlorSys can predict the effects of cropping systems on the dynamics of weed communities in annual crops ; however, it is not configured to predict the fate of weeds in permanent cover such as grasslands. We realized the simulation of a weed seed rain in controlled conditions to estimate the percentage of weed seeds intercepted by a grass cover. Parameters of this linear model will be used to develop a new sub model in FlorSys to be able to simulate weed dynamics in temporary grasslands. We used twelve weed species selected on the basis of specific morphological characteristics and observations made in the experimental set up of SOERE ACBB (Observatory En…
I-Weed robot : un outil pour l'étude de population de plantes adventices
2016
The I-Weed robot is a small autonomous platform that aims to characterize the vegetation in an inter-row maize crop for a spot spraying: spraying is done only where a weed is detected. This article presents how the robot works and aims to experimentally evaluate the ability to map weeds from a WeedSeeker system (Trimble) embedded on the I-Weed robot. The results are compared to those from an imaging system, used as ground truth. After analyzing a confusion matrix, it reveals that the system is able to correctly geotag plants at 75 % and is ready for a spot spraying.
Quantification of the contribution of weed seed predators to crop yield
2023
30 book of abstracts; International audience
Robotics for weed control: I-Weed Robot for a specific spraying
2012
International audience; To preserve environment for a sustainable agriculture, we explore the development of a new autonomous robot, called I-Weed Robot (Intelligent Weed Robot), which aims at reducing herbicides in crop fields (maize, sunflower...). Using a high precision positioning signal (RTK) to locate the robot in the field, a Kaman filter and a proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller) allow adjusting the orientation of the robot depending on a predefined trajectory. As for the spraying system, a camera in front of the mobile platform detects weed plants thanks to an image processing based on a crop/weed discrimination algorithm (Hough Transform). At the back a spr…