Search results for "Wistar"
showing 10 items of 1094 documents
Role for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in brain lipid sensing: redox regulation of food intake.
2006
0012-1797 (Print) Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; The ability for the brain to sense peripheral fuel availability is mainly accomplished within the hypothalamus, which detects ongoing systemic nutrients and adjusts food intake and peripheral metabolism as needed. Here, we hypothesized that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) could trigger sensing of nutrients within the hypothalamus. For this purpose, we induced acute hypertriglyceridemia in rats and examined the function of mitochondria in the hypothalamus. Hypertriglyceridemia led to a rapid increase in the mitochondrial respiration in the ventral hypothalamus together with a transient production of ROS. Cerebral…
Quantitative image analysis of the chromatolysis in rat facial and hypoglossal motoneurons following axotomy with and without reinnervation.
1996
Image analysis was used to quantify the time course of chromatolysis in regenerating and degenerating motoneurons. Following facial-facial, hypoglossal-hypoglossal nerve suture, or resection of facial and hypoglossal nerves with postoperative survival times of 4 h to 112 days, the texture of the Nissl substance of facial and hypoglossal motoneurons was analyzed on both sides of the brainstem in paraffin serial sections with a VIDASplus image analyzer. In this quantitative study of 149 Wistar rats, alterations of the Nissl substance were measured that were statistically significant but not yet visible to the human eye. Chromatolysis started significantly as early as 8 h and was not fully rev…
Expression Profile of Stress Proteins, Intermediate Filaments, and Adhesion Molecules in Experimentally Denervated and Reinnervated Rat Facial Muscle
1997
The immunohistochemical profiles of ubiquitin, heat shock protein 70, alpha-B-crystallin, desmin, vimentin, neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), and tenascin in rat facial muscle were studied after permanent denervation by transection of the facial plexus on one side and compared with findings after immediate reinnervation by hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis subsequent to transection on the contralateral side. Levator labii muscle samples were collected sequentially at 2, 6, 7, 10, 20, and 24 weeks after surgery. Normal levator labii muscle fibers showed physiological expression of desmin and alpha-B-crystallin. Denervated rat facial muscle displayed distinct up-regulation of ubiquiti…
Morphology of experimentally denervated and reinnervated rat facial muscle I. Histochemical and histological findings
1994
The morphological changes in rat facial muscles were evaluated after permanent denervation and were compared with findings after immediate reinnervation. Thirty rats underwent transection of the left and right facial nerves immediately followed by hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis on the right side (muscular reinnervation) and removal of 8-10 mm of the facial plexus on the left side (permanent muscular denervation). Levator labii muscle samples of both sides were collected sequentially at 2, 6, 7, 10, 20, and 24 weeks after surgery and submitted to routine histological and enzyme histochemical staining procedures. In normal levator labii muscles a typical "chessboard" pattern was found, …
The use of texture analysis to study the time course of chromatolysis
1998
Image analysis of the textural feature entropy of the Nissl substance was used to monitor the time course of chromatolysis in regenerating hypoglossal motoneurons and degenerating facial motoneurons 4-112 days after hypoglossal-facial anastomosis in rats. Changes in the Nissl substance were detected that were not obvious on the basis of subjective judgement of the light-microscopical appearance of the neurons. Chromatolysis started 4 days post operation (dpo) and was not reversed at 112 dpo in both nuclei. The increase of chromatolysis was 14-28 dpo faster in the regenerating hypoglossal neurons than in degenerating facial neurons. Maximal chromatolysis was measured at 56-70 dpo in both nuc…
RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analysis of apolipoprotein H expression in rat normal tissues
2006
In this study, by using different techniques (i.e. Northern blot hybridization, RT-PCR and Southern blot hybridization) on various normal rat tissues, we were able to identify liver, kidney, heart, small intestine, brain, spleen, stomach and prostate as tissues in which the ApoH gene is transcribed. Moreover, for some of these tissues, by in situ hybridization, we found a specific localization of apoH transcripts. For instance epithelial cells of the bile ducts in liver and of the proximal tubules in kidney are the major sites of apoH synthesis. Our data suggest that some of the different physiological roles proposed for apoH could correlate with its direct expression, while others could co…
In situ kinetic modelling of intestinal efflux in rats: functional characterization of segmental differences and correlation with in vitro results.
2007
The objective was to devise and apply a novel modelling approach to combine segmental in situ rat perfusion data and in vitro cell culture data, in order to elucidate the contribution of efflux in drug absorption kinetics. The fluoroquinolone CNV97100 was used as a model P-gp substrate. In situ intestinal perfusion was performed in rat duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon to measure the influence of P-gp expression on efflux. Inhibition studies of CNV97100 were performed in the presence of verapamil, quinidine, cyclosporin A and p-aminohippuric acid. Absorption/efflux parameters were modelled simultaneously, using data from both in situ studies as well as in vitro studies. The maximal efflux …
In Situ Perfusion Model in Rat Colon for Drug Absorption Studies: Comparison with Small Intestine and Caco-2 Cell Model.
2015
Our aim is to develop and to validate the in situ closed loop perfusion method in rat colon and to compare with small intestine and Caco-2 cell models. Correlations with human oral fraction absorbed (Fa) and human colon fraction absorbed (Fa_colon) were developed to check the applicability of the rat colon model for controlled release (CR) drug screening. Sixteen model drugs were selected and their permeabilities assessed in rat small intestine and colon, and in Caco-2 monolayers. Correlations between colon/intestine/Caco-2 permeabilities versus human Fa and human Fa_colon have been explored to check model predictability and to apply a BCS approach in order to propose a cut off value for CR…
Profile of P-glycoprotein distribution in the rat and its possible influence on the salbutamol intestinal absorption process.
2004
8 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables.--PMID: 15124220 [PubMed]
In-situ intestinal rat perfusions for human Fabs prediction and BCS permeability class determination: Investigation of the single-pass vs. the Doluis…
2015
Intestinal drug permeability has been recognized as a critical determinant of the fraction dose absorbed, with direct influence on bioavailability, bioequivalence and biowaiver. The purpose of this research was to compare intestinal permeability values obtained by two different intestinal rat perfusion methods: the single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model and the Doluisio (closed-loop) rat perfusion method. A list of 15 model drugs with different permeability characteristics (low, moderate, and high, as well as passively and actively absorbed) was constructed. We assessed the rat intestinal permeability of these 15 model drugs in both SPIP and the Doluisio methods, and evaluated the co…