Search results for "Words"
showing 10 items of 562 documents
DEFECT THEOREMS FOR TREES
2000
We generalize different notions of a rank of a set of words to sets of trees. We prove that almost all of those ranks can be used to formulate a defect theorem. However, as we show, the prefix rank forms an exception.
A note on Sturmian words
2012
International audience; We describe an algorithm which, given a factor of a Sturmian word, computes the next factor of the same length in the lexicographic order in linear time. It is based on a combinatorial property of Sturmian words which is related with the Burrows-Wheeler transformation.
Context Trees, Variable Length Markov Chains and Dynamical Sources
2012
Infinite random sequences of letters can be viewed as stochastic chains or as strings produced by a source, in the sense of information theory. The relationship between Variable Length Markov Chains (VLMC) and probabilistic dynamical sources is studied. We establish a probabilistic frame for context trees and VLMC and we prove that any VLMC is a dynamical source for which we explicitly build the mapping. On two examples, the "comb" and the "bamboo blossom", we find a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence and the uniqueness of a stationary probability measure for the VLMC. These two examples are detailed in order to provide the associated Dirichlet series as well as the genera…
Circular sturmian words and Hopcroft’s algorithm
2009
AbstractIn order to analyze some extremal cases of Hopcroft’s algorithm, we investigate the relationships between the combinatorial properties of a circular sturmian word (x) and the run of the algorithm on the cyclic automaton Ax associated to (x). The combinatorial properties of words taken into account make use of sturmian morphisms and give rise to the notion of reduction tree of a circular sturmian word. We prove that the shape of this tree uniquely characterizes the word itself. The properties of the run of Hopcroft’s algorithm are expressed in terms of the derivation tree of the automaton, which is a tree that represents the refinement process that, in the execution of Hopcroft’s alg…
Equations on trees
1996
We introduce the notion of equation on trees, generalizing the corresponding notion for words, and we develop the first steps of a theory of tree equations. The main result of the paper states that, if a pair of trees is the solution of a tree equation with two indeterminates, then the two trees are both powers of the same tree. As an application, we show that a tree can be expressed in a unique way as a power of a primitive tree. This extends a basic result of combinatorics on words to trees. Some open problems are finally proposed.
Monte Carlo Simulation of a Modified Chi Distribution with Unequal Variances in the Generating Gaussians. A Discrete Methodology to Study Collective …
2020
The Chi distribution is a continuous probability distribution of a random variable obtained from the positive square root of the sum of k squared variables, each coming from a standard Normal distribution (mean = 0 and variance = 1). The variable k indicates the degrees of freedom. The usual expression for the Chi distribution can be generalised to include a parameter which is the variance (which can take any value) of the generating Gaussians. For instance, for k = 3, we have the case of the Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) distribution of the particle velocities in the Ideal Gas model of Physics. In this work, we analyse the case of unequal variances in the generating Gaussians whose distribution w…
Lungo il filo di Arianna. Voci del mito al femminile
2012
Le varianti del mito che hanno Arianna come protagonista sono molte e tutte cariche di significato. Il lavoro ha come protagoniste donne del mito, attraverso le voci di Gea, Pandora, Andromaca, Elena...La forma del monologo consente di "dare vita" al travaglio dell'animo femminile che, attraverso un processo di consapevolezza, rende reali situazioni vissute nella dimensione fantastica del mito. abstractita
Forward rapidity isolated photon production in proton-nucleus collisions
2018
We calculate isolated photon production at forward rapidities in proton-nucleus collisions in the Color Glass Condensate framework. Our calculation uses dipole cross sections solved from the running coupling Balitsky-Kovchegov equation with an initial condition fit to deep inelastic scattering data and extended to nuclei with an optical Glauber procedure that introduces no additional parameters beyond the basic nuclear geometry. We present predictions for future forward RHIC and LHC measurements. The predictions are also compared to updated results for the nuclear modification factors for pion production, Drell-Yan dileptons and $J/\psi$ mesons in the same forward kinematics, consistently c…
Droits européens et droit de la famille : contribution à l'étude de la dynamique du rapprochement
2011
In Europe, there's now a trend for the standardization of national family laws.This is closely linked to the increase of sources. The Council of Europe’s right, the European Union’s right, and the Comparative Law are increasingly interfering with the inner process of the production of family laws.The uniform standardization of family Laws first and foremost originates in the interaction of sources.The relationship between the different european legal systems, whether national or supranational, cannot only be seen as hierarchic or horizontal.They are indeed much more complicated and are based upon communication i.e. based on exchange and mutual influence. Communication between the different …
Effects of modulation of body fat in production of adiponectin in mice : consequences on hepatic metabolism of lipids
2010
Adiponectin (ApN), a 30-kDa adipokine abundantly produced by adipose tissue has been described for the first time in 1995. Early findings demonstrating serum adiponectin levels are inversely correlated with obesity initiated intense investigation of the relationship between adiponectin and all symptoms of the metabolic syndrome. Of these studies, strong evidence suggests that a weight loss induced by medication or hypocaloric diet led to increased circulating ApN levels and improvement of biochemical parameters. Thus, high levels of ApN have been correlated with an improvement of insulin sensitivity and lipid parameters reducing cardiovascular risk. However mechanisms involved in the improv…