Search results for "abelian"
showing 10 items of 208 documents
Path Integral Formulation of Quantum Electrodynamics
2020
Let us consider a pure Abelian gauge theory given by the Lagrangian $$\displaystyle\begin{array}{rcl} \mathcal{L}_{\text{photon}}& =& -\frac{1} {4}F_{\mu \nu }F^{\mu \nu } \\ & =& -\frac{1} {4}\left (\partial _{\mu }A_{\nu } - \partial _{\nu }A_{\mu }\right )\left (\partial ^{\mu }A^{\nu } - \partial ^{\nu }A^{\mu }\right ){}\end{array}$$ (36.1) or, after integration by parts, $$\displaystyle\begin{array}{rcl} \mathcal{L}_{\text{photon}}& =& -\frac{1} {2}\left [-\left (\partial _{\mu }\partial ^{\mu }A_{\nu }\right )A^{\nu } + \left (\partial ^{\mu }\partial ^{\nu }A_{\mu }\right )A_{\nu }\right ] \\ & =& \frac{1} {2}A_{\mu }\left [g^{\mu \nu }\square - \partial ^{\mu }\partial ^{\nu }\righ…
Superinvolutions on upper-triangular matrix algebras
2018
Let UTn(F) be the algebra of n×n upper-triangular matrices over an algebraically closed field F of characteristic zero. In [18], the authors described all abelian G-gradings on UTn(F) by showing that any G-grading on this algebra is an elementary grading. In this paper, we shall consider the algebra UTn(F) endowed with an elementary Z2-grading. In this way, it has a structure of superalgebra and our goal is to completely describe the superinvolutions which can be defined on it. To this end, we shall prove that the superinvolutions and the graded involutions (i.e., involutions preserving the grading) on UTn(F) are strictly related through the so-called superautomorphisms of this algebra. We …
Pseudo-abelian integrals: Unfolding generic exponential case
2009
The search for bounds on the number of zeroes of Abelian integrals is motivated, for instance, by a weak version of Hilbert's 16th problem (second part). In that case one considers planar polynomial Hamiltonian perturbations of a suitable polynomial Hamiltonian system, having a closed separatrix bounding an area filled by closed orbits and an equilibrium. Abelian integrals arise as the first derivative of the displacement function with respect to the energy level. The existence of a bound on the number of zeroes of these integrals has been obtained by A. N. Varchenko [Funktsional. Anal. i Prilozhen. 18 (1984), no. 2, 14–25 ; and A. G. Khovanskii [Funktsional. Anal. i Prilozhen. 18 (1984), n…
Vanishing Abelian integrals on zero-dimensional cycles
2011
In this paper we study conditions for the vanishing of Abelian integrals on families of zero-dimensional cycles. That is, for any rational function $f(z)$, characterize all rational functions $g(z)$ and zero-sum integers $\{n_i\}$ such that the function $t\mapsto\sum n_ig(z_i(t))$ vanishes identically. Here $z_i(t)$ are continuously depending roots of $f(z)-t$. We introduce a notion of (un)balanced cycles. Our main result is an inductive solution of the problem of vanishing of Abelian integrals when $f,g$ are polynomials on a family of zero-dimensional cycles under the assumption that the family of cycles we consider is unbalanced as well as all the cycles encountered in the inductive proce…
Generalised power series solutions of sub-analytic differential equations
2006
Abstract We show that if a solution y ( x ) of a sub-analytic differential equation admits an asymptotic expansion ∑ i = 1 ∞ c i x μ i , μ i ∈ R + , then the exponents μ i belong to a finitely generated semi-group of R + . We deduce a similar result for the components of non-oscillating trajectories of real analytic vector fields in dimension n. To cite this article: M. Matusinski, J.-P. Rolin, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 342 (2006).
A note on faithful traces on a von Neumann algebra
2009
In this short note we give some techniques for constructing, starting from a {\it sufficient} family $\mc F$ of semifinite or finite traces on a von Neumann algebra $\M$, a new trace which is faithful.
On the exponent of mutually permutable products of two abelian groups
2016
In this paper we obtain some bounds for the exponent of a finite group, and its derived subgroup, which is a mutually permutable product of two abelian subgroups. They improve the ones known for products of finite abelian groups, and they are used to derive some interesting structural properties of such products.
Small $C^1$ actions of semidirect products on compact manifolds
2020
Let $T$ be a compact fibered $3$--manifold, presented as a mapping torus of a compact, orientable surface $S$ with monodromy $\psi$, and let $M$ be a compact Riemannian manifold. Our main result is that if the induced action $\psi^*$ on $H^1(S,\mathbb{R})$ has no eigenvalues on the unit circle, then there exists a neighborhood $\mathcal U$ of the trivial action in the space of $C^1$ actions of $\pi_1(T)$ on $M$ such that any action in $\mathcal{U}$ is abelian. We will prove that the same result holds in the generality of an infinite cyclic extension of an arbitrary finitely generated group $H$, provided that the conjugation action of the cyclic group on $H^1(H,\mathbb{R})\neq 0$ has no eige…
On finite p-groups of supersoluble type
2021
Abstract A finite p-group S is said to be of supersoluble type if every fusion system over S is supersoluble. The main aim of this paper is to characterise the finite p-groups of supersoluble type. Abelian and metacyclic p-groups of supersoluble type are completely described. Furthermore, we show that the Sylow p-subgroups of supersoluble type of a finite simple group must be cyclic.