Search results for "absorption."

showing 10 items of 2682 documents

Hexasubstituted Benzenes with Ultrastrong Dipole Moments

2015

Hexasubstituted benzenes have been synthesized with the highest known dipole moments, as determined by dielectric spectroscopy and DFT methods. Based on the preparation of 4,5-diamino-3,6-dibromophthalonitrile, combined with a novel method to synthesize dihydrobenzimidazoles, these benzene derivatives have dipole moments in excess of 10 debye. Such dipole moments are desirable in ferroelectrics, nonlinear optics, and in organic photovoltaics. Structure determination was achieved through single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and the optical properties were determined by UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.

Organic solar cellChemistryNonlinear optics02 engineering and technologyGeneral ChemistryElectrophilic aromatic substitution010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesCatalysisFluorescence spectroscopy0104 chemical sciencesDielectric spectroscopyDipoleNuclear magnetic resonanceBenzene derivativesPhysical chemistry0210 nano-technologyAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)Angewandte Chemie International Edition
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Utrecht Work Engagement Scale in Dominican Teachers: Dimensionality, Reliability, and Validity

2018

Work engagement is described by dedication, vigor, and absorption. The most widely used measure of engagement is the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), intended to measure engagement for any occupational group. This research aims to study psychometric properties of the UWES for its use in the Dominican Republic and other Caribbean Spanish-speaking countries. The Composite Reliability Index (CRI) as well as alphas were calculated, indicating good internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out to test its dimensionality. Both tested models showed extremely good fit to the data, which called for model comparison. The three-factor solution was retained as the one showing…

Organizational Behavior and Human Resource ManagementOccupational groupSocial PsychologyWork engagement05 social sciencesApplied psychologyDominican Republiclcsh:BF1-990050109 social psychologyAbsorption (psychology)BurnoutTest (assessment)AbsorptionWork engagementlcsh:PsychologyScale (social sciences)Vigor0502 economics and business0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesPsychology050203 business & managementReliability (statistics)Curse of dimensionalityDedicationJournal of Work and Organizational Psychology
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The role of partners for employees' recovery during the weekend

2012

Abstract We examined the effects of positive and negative experiences with the partner (absorption in joint activities and conflict with the partner) during the weekend on affective states at the beginning of the following work week and tested whether recovery experiences (psychological detachment, relaxation, and mastery experiences) mediated these effects. In total, 269 university faculty members completed online surveys before and after the weekend. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that absorption in joint activities with the partner predicted recovery experiences during the weekend and increased positive affective states (vigor, joviality, serenity) at the beginning of the foll…

Organizational Behavior and Human Resource ManagementRelaxation (psychology)Multilevel modelUniversity facultySocial environmentAbsorption (psychology)EducationInterpersonal relationshipPsychological detachmentSocial conflictLife-span and Life-course StudiesPsychologyApplied PsychologyClinical psychologyJournal of Vocational Behavior
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Effect of cusp coverage and water storage on compressive strength of composite restorations of premolars

2018

Background The aim of this study was to assess the effect of cusp coverage and water storage on compressive strength of composite restorations. Material and Methods This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 40 extracted human maxillary premolar teeth, which were randomly divided into four groups of 10. Mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities were prepared in all teeth. The thickness of composite for cusp coverage was 1.5 mm in groups 1 and 3 and 2.5 mm in groups 2 and 4. Compressive strength (CS) was measured after 24 hours in groups 1 and 2 and after six months of water storage in groups 3 and 4. Two-way ANOVA was used to statistically analyze the data. Results The mean and standard er…

OrthodonticsMaterials scienceAbsorption of waterResearchSignificant differenceComposite number02 engineering and technology:CIENCIAS MÉDICAS [UNESCO]010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesOperative Dentistry and Endodontics0104 chemical sciencesmedicine.anatomical_structureCompressive strengthFlexural strengthUNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICASPremolarmedicineCusp (anatomy)Statistical analysis0210 nano-technologyGeneral Dentistry
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On the hexagonal ice-like model of structured water: Theoretical analysis of the low-lying excited states

2014

Abstract The basic molecular unit ( BMU ) of the hexameric ice-like model has been identified as the negatively charged radical species [H 19 O 10 ] − . On the basis of high-level ab initio computations, by means of using the CASPT2 methodology, the low-lying excited states of BMU and its π-stacked dimer are analysed. It is concluded that the BMU constitutes certainly a versatile unit having two spectroscopic features in the near infrared region, two in the visible range and two in the near ultraviolet zone. The main absorption feature is found however for the π-stacked dimer formed by two BMUs , the H 38 O 20 system, which has a pronounced stabilization in the ground state with respect to …

Oscillator strengthChemistryDimerNear-infrared spectroscopyCondensed Matter PhysicsBiochemistryMolecular electronic transitionchemistry.chemical_compoundAtomic electron transitionExcited statePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAtomic physicsGround stateAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)Computational and Theoretical Chemistry
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Iontophoretic Transdermal Delivery of Sumatriptan: Effect of Current Density and Ionic Strength

2005

ABSTRACT: Iontophoretic transdermal delivery of sumatriptan was investigated in vitro . Among the conditions tested, 0.25 mA/cm 2 and low ionic strength (NaCl 25 mM) was the best experimental condition to increase its transport across the skin. The flux increased 385-fold respective to passive diffusion, thus resulting in a transdermal flux of sumatriptan of 1273 ± 83 nmol/cm 2 h. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association

OsmosisTime FactorsSwineSkin AbsorptionDiffusionPharmaceutical ScienceBuffersSodium ChloridePharmacologyAdministration CutaneousPharmaceutical technologymedicineAnimalsSkinTransdermalIontophoresisSumatriptanChemistryOsmolar ConcentrationEarIontophoresisLow ionic strengthSerotonin Receptor AgonistsSumatriptanIonic strengthCurrent densitymedicine.drugBiomedical engineeringJournal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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OH/OD-IR absorption bands in SrxBa1−xNb2O6

1995

Single crystals of Sr x Ba 1−x Nb 2 O 6 (SBN) with congruent composition (x = 0.61) and Sr 0.61 Ba 0.39 Nb 2 O 6 crystals doped with various concentrations of cerium are grown with the Czochralski method. A subsequent doping of the crystals with protons and deuterons is performed either by hydrothermal high temperature treatment or by field supported hydrogen diffusion at elevated temperatures in humid atmosphere. The presence of the protons is revealed by the infrared absorption of the OH stretching vibration. This broad OH absorption band is essentially the same for Sr 0.61 Ba 0.39 Nb 2 O 6 and Sr 0.61 Ba 0.39 Nb 2 O 6 :Ce (0.025 wt% CeO 2 ). It shows a polarization dependence with respec…

OvertoneDopingAnalytical chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementInfrared spectroscopyMineralogyTungstenCondensed Matter PhysicsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsTetragonal crystal systemCeriumchemistryAbsorption bandAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)Physica Status Solidi (a)
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Oxidative C-N fusion of pyridinyl-substituted porphyrins.

2018

International audience; The mild (electro) chemical oxidation of pyridin-2-ylthio-meso substituted Ni(II) porphyrins affords C-N fused cationic and dicationic pyridinium-based derivatives. These porphyrins are fully characterized and the molecular structure of one of them was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A mechanism for the intramolecular oxidative C-N coupling is proposed based on theoretical calculations and cyclic voltammetry analyses.

Oxidative phosphorylation010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesMedicinal chemistryCatalysischemistry.chemical_compound[CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistryMaterials Chemistrypolycyclic compoundsMolecule[CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistrydimers fused porphyrin absorption-bands electrosynthesis displacement arrays anthracenes snar tapes pi-extended porphyrinsFusion010405 organic chemistryChemistry[CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistryMetals and AlloysCationic polymerizationGeneral Chemistry[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry0104 chemical sciencesSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsIntramolecular forceCeramics and CompositesPyridiniumCyclic voltammetryChemical communications (Cambridge, England)
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Measurements of total ozone amount over Badajoz (Southwestern Spain) by means of a GUV multiband radiometer

2012

This paper presents the first measurements of total ozone amount performed at the radiometric station of Badajoz (Spain) by means of a multichannel radiometer GUV-2511. The retrieval of total ozone amount from GUV measurements of solar ultraviolet irradiance is performed with the support of look-up tables calculated using the SBDART radiation transfer code. This methodology is based on the different absorption by ozone suffered by the radiation at two certain near wavelengths. In this case the pair 305, 340 nm was chosen because of its better performance than the pair 305, 320 nm. The look-up table contains the ratio between irradiances at the mentioned wavelengths calculated under differen…

Ozone Monitoring InstrumentOzoneRadiometerMechanical EngineeringCloud coverSolar zenith angleIrradianceÒpticaAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialschemistry.chemical_compoundGeographychemistrySatelliteAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)Engineering (miscellaneous)Remote sensing
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Stoichiometry-related Auger lineshapes in titanium oxides: Influence of valence-band profile and of Coster-Kronig processes

2004

International audience; The ability to determine the nature and the occurrence of defects is a central need of ceramic surface chemistry. In titanium oxides, the Ti-LMV Auger decays line shape is very sensitive to the titanium degree of oxidation, and has long been empirically used as a qualitative probe of the stoichiometry. In the present work, resonant Auger and resonant valence-band measurements at the Ti-L2,3 edges in TiO2, TiO2–x and metallic titanium provide a clear evidence that the evolutions of the Ti-LMV Auger line shape are due to drastic changes in the valence-band profile and in the probability of L2L3V Coster-Kronig decay processes when a fraction of titanium ions is reduced.…

PACS: 71.20.-b 32.80.Hd 77.84.Bw 82.80.Pvoxidationchemistry.chemical_element02 engineering and technologyceramics01 natural sciencesElectron spectroscopy71.20.-b; 32.80.Hd; 77.84.Bw; 82.80.PvIonAugerX-RAY-ABSORPTION; SURFACE-DEFECTS; RUTILE TIO2; Resonant AugerMetalsymbols.namesakephotoelectron spectra0103 physical sciencesRUTILE TIO2titanium010306 general physicstitanium compoundsAuger electron spectroscopyFermi levelvalence bandsResonant Auger021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter PhysicsSURFACE-DEFECTSElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialsstoichiometrychemistryvisual_artX-RAY-ABSORPTIONsymbolsvisual_art.visual_art_mediumFermi levelspectral line breadthAuger electron spectraAtomic physics0210 nano-technologyStoichiometryTitanium
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