Search results for "acids"
showing 10 items of 3520 documents
Differential cystine and dibasic amino acid handling after loss of function of the amino acid transporter b0,+ AT (Slc7a9) in mice
2013
Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in SLC3A1 ( rBAT) and SLC7A9 ( b 0,+ AT). Gene targeting of the catalytic subunit ( Slc7a9) in mice leads to excessive excretion of cystine, lysine, arginine, and ornithine. Here, we studied this non-type I cystinuria mouse model using gene expression analysis, Western blotting, clearance, and brush-border membrane vesicle (BBMV) uptake experiments to further characterize the renal and intestinal consequences of losing Slc7a9 function. The electrogenic and BBMV flux studies in the intestine suggested that arginine and ornithine are transported via other routes apart from system b0,+. No remarkable gene expression changes were…
Response of genetically obese Zucker rats to ciprofibrate, a hypolipidemic agent, with peroxisome proliferation activity as compared to Zucker lean a…
1993
Genetically obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats were used as an experimental model to study the effects of hypolipidemic agents on peroxisome proliferation; comparison was made with Zucker lean phenotype (Fa/-) and Sprague-Dawley strain/phenotype. The pharmacokinetics of a single administration of ciprofibrate (1 or 3 mg/kg), appeared to be similar in all strains/phenotypes. After a 2-week oral administration at the same dosages, there were dosage-related increases in hepatocellular peroxisomal yield and in the hepatic enzymes' cyanide-insensitive acyl-CoA oxidase and catalase. The peroxisomal yield was less increased in Zucker than in Sprague-Dawley rats, while the enzyme activities were similarly i…
The Effect of Indobufen on the Activities of Selected Rat Liver Phase I and Phase II Drug Metabolizing Enzymes, Peroxisomal β-oxidation and Hepatic G…
1994
Abstract Oral administration of indobufen to male rats for three days at daily doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg kg−1 resulted in no changes in liver total glutathione, cytosolic glutathione S-transferases or microsomal epoxide hydrolase. Reduced glutathione appeared slightly diminished to about 84% of control at the highest dose level. Microsomal cytochrome P450-dependent ethoxyresorufin O-de-ethylase and pentoxyresorufin de-alkylase activities were decreased to 64% (not significantly) and 67% of control at the lowest dose level. 6α- and 7α-Hydroxytestosterone activities were decreased to 67 and 68% of control at the highest dose level. Cyanide-insensitive peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation was inc…
Paracrine Activation of Hepatic CB1 Receptors by Stellate Cell-Derived Endocannabinoids Mediates Alcoholic Fatty Liver
2008
SummaryAlcohol-induced fatty liver, a major cause of morbidity, has been attributed to enhanced hepatic lipogenesis and decreased fat clearance of unknown mechanism. Here we report that the steatosis induced in mice by a low-fat, liquid ethanol diet is attenuated by concurrent blockade of cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Global or hepatocyte-specific CB1 knockout mice are resistant to ethanol-induced steatosis and increases in lipogenic gene expression and have increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 activity, which, unlike in controls, is not reduced by ethanol treatment. Ethanol feeding increases the hepatic expression of CB1 receptors and upregulates the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycer…
Blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol lowering for prevention of strokes and cognitive decline: a review of available trial evidence.
2014
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:: It is well established by a large number of randomized controlled trials that lowering blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by drugs are powerful means to reduce stroke incidence, but the optimal BP and LDL-C levels to be achieved are largely uncertain. Concerning BP targets, two hypotheses are being confronted: first, the lower the BP, the better the treatment outcome, and second, the hypothesis that too low BP values are accompanied by a lower benefit and even higher risk. It is also unknown whether BP lowering and LDL-C lowering have additive beneficial effects for the primary and secondary prevention of stroke, and whether these…
Endocannabinoid Levels in Newborns in Relation to the Mode of Delivery.
2015
Objective This study aims to examine the endocannabinoid levels in newborns in relation to the mode of delivery. Study Design In this study, the concentrations of the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), and the metabolite arachidonic acid (AA) in umbilical cord vein blood of 49 newborns was determined by quantitative mass spectrometry using liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring. The newborns were divided by their mode of delivery. Only healthy newborns born after 34 0/7 gestational weeks without birth complications were included. Results The concentration of AEA, PEA, and AA was significantly higher in vaginal deliver…
Alterations in the Hippocampal Endocannabinoid System in Diet-Induced Obese Mice
2010
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system plays central roles in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Its alteration in activity contributes to the development and maintenance of obesity. Stimulation of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1receptor) increases feeding, enhances reward aspects of eating, and promotes lipogenesis, whereas its blockade decreases appetite, sustains weight loss, increases insulin sensitivity, and alleviates dysregulation of lipid metabolism. The hypothesis has been put forward that the eCB system is overactive in obesity. Hippocampal circuits are not directly involved in the neuronal control of food intake and appetite, but they play important roles in hed…
The predictive value of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein is independent from symptom duration in normotensive patients with pulmonary embolism.
2013
Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) is a useful biomarker for risk stratification of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). In patients with acute myocardial infarction, H-FABP plasma concentrations rise after 30 minutes and return to normal within 20-24 hours. We tested whether the predictive value of H-FABP is affected by the duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis in patients with PE.We prospectively studied 257 consecutive normotensive patients with confirmed symptomatic PE.Patients with acute (24 hours; n=150) symptom onset presented more often with syncope (28.7% vs. 6.5%; p0.001) compared to patients with symptoms ≥ 24 hours (n=107); other baseline characteristics, comorbi…
Comparison of iodinated contrast media for the assessment of atherosclerotic plaque attenuation values by CT coronary angiography: observations in an…
2013
Objective: To compare the influence of different iodinated contrast media with several dilutions on plaque attenuation in an ex vivo coronary model studied by multislice CT coronary angiography. Methods: In six ex vivo left anterior descending coronary arteries immersed in oil, CT (slices/collimation 64x0.625 mm, temporal resolution 210 ms, pitch 0.2) was performed after intracoronary injection of a saline solution, and solutions of a dimeric isosmolar contrast medium (Iodixanol 320 mgl ml(-1)) and a monomeric high-iodinated contrast medium (Iomeprol 400 mgl ml(-1)) with dilutions of 1/80 (low concentration), 1/50 (medium concentration), 1/40 (high concentration) and 1/20 (very high concent…
Involvement of prostaglandins and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the contractile effect of platelet-activating factor in rat isolated gastric corpus
1996
Abstract The present study characterizes the nature of the response to the platelet-activating factor (PAF) in isolated gastric corpus with and without mucosa. PAF (10-8 M) induced contraction of rat isolated gastric corpus strips followed by desensitization of this tissue. Incubation of strips with the specific PAF-receptor antagonist WEB 2086 (5 × 10-8 − 5 × 10-5 M), the prostaglandin blocker indomethacin (10-6 M) and the 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist methysergide (10-5 M) reduced significantly the contraction induced by PAF. Neither of the histamine H1/H2 antagonists diphenhydramine (10-6 M) or cimetidine (10-5 M) affected the contraction induced by PAF. In contrast with the whole gastr…