Search results for "acids"

showing 10 items of 3520 documents

Alanine blends for ESR measurements of thermal neutron fluence in a mixed radiation field

2007

In this paper, the results of a study on the electron spin resonance (ESR) dosimetry to measure thermal neutron fluence in a mixed radiation field (neutron and photons) are presented. The ESR responses of alanine dosemeters with different additives are compared. In particular, the (10)B-acid boric and the Gd-oxide were chosen to enhance the sensitivity of alanine dosemeters to thermal neutrons. Irradiations were carried out inside the thermal column of the TAPIRO reactor of the ENEA center, Casaccia Rome. The main results are a greater neutron sensitivity and a smaller lowest detectable fluence for the dosemeters with gadolinium than for dosemeters of alanine with (10)B, which is well known…

inorganic chemicalsMaterials sciencePhotonGadoliniumAnalytical chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementRadiation DosageSensitivity and SpecificityFluencelaw.inventionRadiation ProtectionRadiation MonitoringlawMaterials TestingThermalDosimetryRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingNeutronESR Dosimetry BNCTElectron paramagnetic resonanceNeutronsAlanineRadiationRadiological and Ultrasound Technologybusiness.industryElectron Spin Resonance Spectroscopytechnology industry and agriculturePublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthReproducibility of ResultsEquipment DesignGeneral MedicineNeutron temperatureEquipment Failure AnalysischemistryCalibrationbiological scienceslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Nuclear medicinebusinessRadiation Protection Dosimetry
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Amino-Acid-Based Polymerizable Surfactants for the Synthesis of Chiral Nanoparticles

2016

Amino-acid-based chiral surfactants with polymerizable moieties are synthesized, and a versatile approach to prepare particles thereof with a chiral surface functionality is presented. As an example of an application, the synthesized particles are tested for their ability as nucleating agents in the enantioselective crystallization of amino acid conglomerate systems, taking rac-asparagine as a model system. Particles resulting from chiral surfactants with different tail groups are compared and the results demonstrate that only the chiral nanoparticles made of the polymerizable surfactant are able to act efficiently as nucleation agent in enantioselective crystallization.

inorganic chemicalsMaterials sciencePolymers and PlasticsPolymersNucleationNanoparticleModel system02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesPolymerizationlaw.inventionSurface-Active AgentsPulmonary surfactantlawMaterials ChemistryOrganic chemistryAmino AcidsCrystallizationchemistry.chemical_classificationMolecular Structureorganic chemicalsOrganic Chemistrytechnology industry and agricultureEnantioselective synthesisStereoisomerism021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCombinatorial chemistry0104 chemical sciencesAmino acidchemistryNanoparticles0210 nano-technologyChirality (chemistry)Macromolecular Rapid Communications
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Thermal Properties, Raman Spectroscopy and Tem Images of Neutron-Bombarded Graphite

2013

Neutron-irradiated graphite to a total dose of 3.6 × 1016 n cm−2 was studied by DSC, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Wigner energy of neutron-irradiated graphite was 9.5 J/g as measured by DSC; it was released with an exothermal peak at 220°C. The Raman spectroscopy has confirmed the expected effect caused by neutron irradiation of the graphite substrate. The TEM imaging has shown that neutron-irradiated graphite can be effectively exfoliated by sonication in comparison to pristine graphite, which under similar conditions does not exfoliate at all. The interstitial Frenkel defects in neutron-irradiated graphite are intercalated between the graphene layers …

inorganic chemicalsMaterials scienceSonicationAnalytical chemistrylaw.inventionsymbols.namesakelawneutrons irradiationGeneral Materials ScienceNeutronSettore CHIM/01 - Chimica AnaliticaGraphitePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryWigner effectSettore CHIM/02 - Chimica FisicaWigner energySettore CHIM/03 - Chimica Generale e Inorganicaintegumentary systemGrapheneOrganic ChemistrygrapheneGraphite neutrons irradiation graphene exfoliation Wigner energy Raman spectroscopy TEM imagingtechnology industry and agricultureGraphite neutrons irradiation graphene exfoliation Wigner energy Raman spectroscopyTEM imagingexfoliationExfoliation jointAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsTransmission electron microscopyRaman spectroscopyTEM imagingbiological sciencessymbolsGraphitelipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Raman spectroscopy
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"Table 4" of "Spectra and correlations of Lambda and Lambda produced in 340-GeV/c Sigma -+C and 260-GeV/c n+C interactions"

2002

Total inclusive LAMBDA LAMBDA pair production cross sections for the Neutron beam on the Carbon target.

inorganic chemicalsN NUCLEUS --> LAMBDA LAMBDA XInclusiveStrange productionbiological sciencesIntegrated Cross Sectiontechnology industry and agriculturePhysics::Accelerator Physicslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Cross SectionSIGN C --> LAMBDA LAMBDA X
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"Table 2" of "Spectra and correlations of Lambda and Lambda produced in 340-GeV/c Sigma -+C and 260-GeV/c n+C interactions"

2002

Total inclusive LAMBDA and LAMBDABAR production cross sections for the Neutron beam on the Carbon target.

inorganic chemicalsN NUCLEUS --> LAMBDABAR Xintegumentary systemStrange productionAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaNuclear TheoryIntegrated Cross Sectiontechnology industry and agricultureCross SectionSIGInclusiveN NUCLEUS --> LAMBDA Xbiological sciencesN C --> LAMBDABAR XPhysics::Accelerator Physicslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)High Energy Physics::ExperimentNuclear ExperimentN C --> LAMBDA X
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A measurement of the neutron to 199Hg magnetic moment ratio

2014

The neutron gyromagnetic ratio has been measured relative to that of the 199Hg atom with an uncertainty of 0.8 ppm. We employed an apparatus where ultracold neutrons and mercury atoms are stored in the same volume and report the result γn/γHg=3.8424574(30).

inorganic chemicalsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsPhysics - Instrumentation and DetectorsNeutron magnetic momentAtomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaGyromagnetic ratioFOS: Physical sciences[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]01 natural sciencesPhysics - Atomic PhysicsNuclear physicsMagnetic momentGyromagnetic ratio0103 physical sciencesAtomNeutron[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]Physics::Atomic PhysicsNuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)010306 general physicsNuclear ExperimentPhysicsCondensed Matter::Quantum Gases[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph]Magnetic moment010308 nuclear & particles physicsProton magnetic momenttechnology industry and agricultureQC0793Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)Ultracold neutrons; Mercury atoms; Magnetic moment; Gyromagnetic ratioQC0770lcsh:QC1-999Mercury atomsElectric dipole momentbiological sciencesUltracold neutronslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary AstrophysicsAtomic physicsUltracold neutronslcsh:PhysicsPhysics Letters B
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Low-Intensity Neutron Emission from TiDx Samples Under Nonequilibrium Conditions

2001

Several experiments were performed that loaded titanium samples with deuterium from the gas phase, changed the temperature of the samples over a wide range, and monitored the neutron emission. Neutron emissions in very low intensity bursts, still significantly above the background, were recorded, revealing that low-energy nuclear reactions in condensed matter can be produced at a very low rate, which occasionally can be high enough to become detectable.

inorganic chemicalsNuclear reactionRange (particle radiation)Materials scienceNeutron emissionAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena020209 energytechnology industry and agricultureGeneral EngineeringAnalytical chemistryfood and beverages02 engineering and technology01 natural sciences010305 fluids & plasmasNuclear physicsNeutron generatorDeuterium0103 physical sciences0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringNeutron cross sectionlipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)NeutronNuclear ExperimentIntensity (heat transfer)Fusion Technology
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Capsaicin desensitization in vivo is inhibited by ruthenium red.

1990

The effect of systemic administration of Ruthenium Red on the excitatory and desensitizing effect of capsaicin was investigated in rats. Ruthenium Red was injected s.c. 30 min before capsaicin was administered. The excitatory effect of capsaicin on corneal, perivascular and visceral afferents was not influenced by treatment with Ruthenium Red. However, determination of the neuropeptide content and evoked neuropeptide release in peripheral organs and dorsal spinal cord 48 h after treatment showed that Ruthenium Red attenuated the 'desensitizing' effect of capsaicin at peripheral, but not at central, endings of primary afferents. On the other hand, a capsaicin-elicited autonomic reflex mediat…

inorganic chemicalsRuthenium redCalcitonin Gene-Related PeptideInjections SubcutaneousCentral nervous systemUrinary BladderNeuropeptideBlood PressurePharmacologySubstance PSynaptic Transmissionchemistry.chemical_compoundIn vivootorhinolaryngologic diseasesAutonomic reflexmedicineAnimalsNeurons AfferentPharmacologyNerve EndingsNeuronsChemistryNeuropeptidesRats Inbred StrainsRuthenium RedRatsmedicine.anatomical_structureCapsaicinAnesthesiaExcitatory postsynaptic potentiallipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)NeuronCapsaicinEuropean journal of pharmacology
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Electronic and Steric Effects: How Do They Work in Ionic Liquids? The Case of Benzoic Acid Dissociation

2010

The need to have a measure of the strength of some substituted benzoic acids in ionic liquid solution led us to use the protonation equilibrium of sodium p-nitrophenolate as a probe reaction, which was studied by means of spectrophotometric titration at 298 K. In order to evaluate the importance of electronic effect of the substituents present on the aromatic ring, both electron-withdrawing and -donor substituents were taken into account. Furthermore, to have a measure of the importance of the steric effect of the substituents both para- and ortho-substituted benzoic acids were analyzed. The probe reaction was studied in two ionic liquids differing for the ability of the cation to give hydr…

inorganic chemicalsSteric effectsionic liquids ion pair formation carboxylic acidsChemistryHydrogen bondorganic chemicalsOrganic ChemistryInorganic chemistryProtonationSettore CHIM/06 - Chimica OrganicaDissociation (chemistry)chemistry.chemical_compoundIonic liquidElectronic effectEquilibrium constantBenzoic acidThe Journal of Organic Chemistry
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Predicting the activity of single isolated Lewis acid sites in solid catalysts.

2006

An experimental study of the activity of Ti-, Zr- and Sn-beta catalysts in different types of oxidation reactions is combined with a quantum-chemical analysis of the electronic properties of the active sites and the adsorbed reactants. The differences observed in the catalytic behaviour of the three materials are explained in terms of the molecular orbital distribution of each system. The intrinsic Lewis acid strength of the isolated active site, the degree of back-donation from the catalyst to the empty orbitals of the organic reactant and the net atomic charges on selected atoms are proposed as predictors of reactivity.

inorganic chemicalsbiologyChemistryOrganic ChemistryInorganic chemistryActive siteGeneral ChemistryRedoxCatalysisCatalysisAdsorptionAtomic orbitalbiology.proteinMolecular orbitalReactivity (chemistry)Lewis acids and basesChemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
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