Search results for "acrylamide"

Biochemical identification and tissue-specific expression patterns of keratins in the zebrafish Danio rerio

1998

We have identified a number of type I and type II keratins in the zebrafish Danio rerio by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, complementary keratin blot-binding assay and immunoblotting. These keratins range from 56 kDa to 46 kDa in molecular mass and from pH 6.6 to pH 5.2 in isoelectric point. Type II zebrafish keratins exhibit significantly higher molecular masses (56-52 kDa) compared with the type I keratins (50-48 kDa), but the isoelectric points show no significant difference between the two keratin subclasses (type II: pH 6.0-5.5; type I: pH 6.1-5.2). According to their occurrence in various zebrafish tissues, the identified keratins can be classified into "E" (epider…

Expression of silicatein in spicules from the Baikalian sponge

2005

Lake Baikal harbors the largest diversity of sponge species [phylum Porifera] among all freshwater biotopes. The abundantly occurring species Lubomirskia baicalensis was used to study the seasonal silicatein metabolism; the spicules of this species have an unusually thick axial filament, consisting of silicatein, which remains constant in diameter during their growth. In the course of maturation, the size of the silicic acid shell grows, until the final diameter of the spicules of about 8 microm is reached. The seasonal content of silicatein was assessed by use of antibodies raised against silicatein; they stained specifically the axial filaments. In addition we determined, by application o…

Biochemical Characterization of an Acetylcholine-hydrolyzing Enzyme from Bean Seedlings.

1980

An acetylcholine hydrolyzing enzyme was prepared and purified (40 times) from dwarf bean hypocotyl hooks. The purity of the enzyme was proved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 65,000 daltons. Enzyme activity was the highest at pH 8.0 and between 30 and 36 C. The enzyme had an apparent affinity constant (K(m)) for acetylcholine of 460/micromolar. The affinity for substrate analogs increased from butyrylthiocholine to propionylthiocholine to acetylthiocholine. The enzyme activity was inhibited by choline, neostigmine, physostigmine, manganese, and calcium. Magnesium had no influence on the enzyme activity. We conclude that the enzym…

Reducing of acrylamide formation in wheat biscuits supplemented with flaxseed and lupine

2016

Abstract The use of pseudo-cereals for wheat products making is to fortify the deficiency of nutritional value in wheat flour. However rich in proteins plant additives could increase acrylamide content in baked products. The present study was focused on acrylamide reduction in wheat flour biscuits supplemented with lupine and defatted flaxseed flour treated by solid state (SSF) and submerged (SMF) fermentations by Lactobacillus sakei , Pediococcus pentosaceus and Pediococcus acidilactici strains. After fermentation the decrease in asparagine was on average of 67.6 and 80.6%, and reducing sugar contents were reduced by 18 and 79.4% in flaxseed and lupine, respectively. The most effective acr…

Study on the reduction of acrylamide in mixed rye bread by fermentation with bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances producing lactic acid bacteria in…

2013

Abstract This study mainly focuses on a strategy for reducing of acrylamide in cereal products, predominantly in bakery products. The effect of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains as well as a novel fermentation media on the bases of extruded rye wholemeal on the acrylamide formation in mixed rye bread of different weight of loaf was studied. The LC–MS/MS method for acrylamide determination in bread crumb has been applied. Addition of 15% low pH (pH 3.4–4.3) fermented product to bread dough, which were produced by using commercial strain Lactobacillus casei and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) producing strains Lactobacillus sakei KTU05-6 , Pediococcus acidilactici KT…

Untersuchungen über die radikalpolymerisation von acrylamid

1954

Verschiedene Methoden zur Radikal-Polymerisation von Acrylamid mit und ohne Losungsmittel werden beschrieben. Die durch γ-Strahlen ausgeloste Polymerisation ergibt sehr hochmolekulare Polymerisate; dagegen haben die mittels Fenton-Reagens erhaltenen Produkte nur sehr geringe spezifische Viskositat. Ultraschall wirkt auf das Monomere polymerisierend und auf das Polymere depolymerisierend. Aus den Viskositatskurven eines reinen Polymerisates und seiner Fraktionen ist zu schliesen, das solche Polyacrylamide in wasriger Losung als homoopolare Molekulkolloide vorliegen. Different methods of radical-polymerization of acrylamide in solution and in bulk are described. The γ-rays induced polymerizat…

Über die polymerisation von acrylsäurechlorid

1960

Monomeres Acrylsaurechlorid wird mittels Azodiisobuttersaurenitril in Dioxan bei 50°C polymerisiert. Bei Ausschlus von Feuchtigkeit und Sauerstoff entstehen bis zu 90% Umsatz unvernetzte Polymere. Durch Reaktion mit flussigem Ammoniak wurden Polyacrylamide erhalten, die zur viskosimetrischen Molgewichtsbestimmung dienten. Monomeric acrylyl chloride was polymerized in dioxane at 50°C by azo-bis-isobutyronitrile. With the exclusion of moisture and oxygen, a non-cross-linked polymer with a 90% yield was obtained. Polyacrylamides were formed by the reaction of polyacrylyl chloride with liquid ammonia. These products were used for viscosimetric molecular weight determinations.

1983

To obtain a carrier polymer for pharmacologically active components, linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) was chemically modified by reactions with acrylic acid (1a), acrylamide (1b), acrylic acid esters (1c and 1d), sodium chloroacetate, and hydrochloric acid. All product polymers 2a – 2e are soluble in water. Among these, 2a and 2e, β- and α-amino acid derivatives, respectively, show no acute toxicity in mice up to dosages of 1 g/kg i. v. Similar types of polymers 5a and 5b and a polymer containing phosphonic acid moieties (5d) derived from branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) were prepared. 5a and 5b are also nontoxic regardless of the molecular weight of four kinds of BPEI and of the wide range…

Die copolymerisation des acroleins mit einigen vinylmonomeren. Polymere acroleine. 9. Mitt.

1958

Die Copolymerisation des Acroleins in wasrigem Medium wird untersucht und die copolymerisationsparameter folgender Systeme bestimmt: Acrolein/Aacrylnitril (r1 = 1,09; r2 = 0,77); Acrolein/Acrylamid (r1 = 2,0; r2 = 0,76); Acrolein/Acrylsauremethylester (r1 = 0,2; r2 = 10,0) und Acrolein/Vinylacetat (r1 = 3,3; r2 = 0,1). Ferner werden die Qund e-Werte fur Acrolein berechet und sein Verhalten bei der Copolymerisation diskutiert. The copolymerisation of acrolein in aqueous medium has been investigated and the reactivity ratios of the following systems were determined: acrolein/acrylonitrile (r1 = 1.09; r2 = 0.77 ); acrolein/acrylamide (r1 = 2.0; r2 = 0.76); acrolein/methacrylate (r1 = 0.2; r2 =…

1987

Drug carriers were prepared by combining oligopeptidic sequences with synthetic polymeric chains. Soluble copolymers of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) were synthesized containing oligopeptidic side chains terminating in a drug model (p-nitroaniline). The susceptibility of these oligopeptidic sequences to degradation on incubation with lysosomal enzymes and human serum was evaluated by monitoring the p-nitroaniline liberation. It was shown that the drug model can be attached to the polymer carrier by means of an oligopeptidic spacer stable in blood serum and degradable after the polymer has been in contact with intracellular lysosomal enzymes. The studied polymer carriers were used…