Search results for "actin"
showing 10 items of 1375 documents
The DNA damage-induced decrease of Bcl-2 is secondary to the activation of apoptotic effector caspases.
2003
Apoptosis induced by DNA-damaging agents or radiation mainly proceeds through death receptor-independent caspase activation. The release of mitochondrial apoptogenic proteins, such as cytochrome c, into the cytoplasm leading to Apaf1-dependent activation of caspase-9 is a key event in this pathway. The permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane is regulated by the various pro- and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, and it is thought that DNA damage triggers apoptosis through the downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Using murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) deficient and proficient in Apaf1, we show that DNA-damaging agents and radiation lead to a decline in Bcl-2 protein only in wt…
cIAP1 regulates TNF-mediated cdc42 activation and filopodia formation
2013
International audience; umour necrosis factor-α (TNF) is a cytokine endowed with multiple functions, depending on the cellular and environmental context. TNF receptor engagement induces the formation of a multimolecular complex including the TNFR-associated factor TRAF2, the receptor-interaction protein kinase RIP1 and the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis cIAP1, the latter being essential for NF-κB activation. Here, we show that cIAP1 also regulates TNF-induced actin cytoskeleton reorganization through a cdc42-dependent, NF-κB-independent pathway. Deletion of cIAP1 prevents TNF-induced filopodia and cdc42 activation. The expression of cIAP1 or its E3-ubiquitin ligase-defective mutant restore…
Assembling a consensus on actinic cheilitis: A Delphi study.
2021
Aims: To discuss the terminology to define and classify actinic cheilitis (AC) and to build a consensus on the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to AC. Methods: Two-round Delphi study using a questionnaire including 34 closed sentences (9 on terminology and taxonomy, 5 on potential for malignant transformation, 12 on diagnostic aspects, 8 on treatment) and 8 open questions. Experts’ agreement was rated using a Likert scale (1–7). Results: A consensus was reached on 24 out 34 statements (73.5%) and on 5 out of 8 (62.5%) close-ended questions. The response rate was identical in both rounds (attrition of 0%). AC is the term with the highest agreement (median of 7 (strongly agree; IQR: 6–7)…
Untersuchungen �ber den Einflu� des Actinomycins C (Sanamycin) auf das Blut und die blutbildenden Organe des Kaninchens sowie auf Knochenmarkskulturen
1955
Es wird uber Blutbild-, Knochenmarks-und Organbefunde von Kaninchen berichtet, die einer langeren Sanamycinbehandlung unterworfen wurden. 20 γ/kg taglich beeinflusten das Blutbild und die blutbildenden Organe nur geringgradig. 40 γ Sanamycin/kg verursachten eine Anamie mit weitgehender Aplasie des erythropoetischen Markanteils, die nach Absetzen des Mittels reversibel waren. 80 γ/kg taglich fuhrten zu einer erheblichen Beeintrachtigung des Allgemeinbefindens und einer Schadigung des gesamten Knochenmarkes. Die Grose der Milz war geringgradig, die der Lymphknoten meist stark reduziert.
Physiological mechanisms regulating the expression of endothelial-type NO synthase
2002
Although endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a constitutively expressed enzyme, its expression is regulated by a number of biophysical, biochemical, and hormonal stimuli, both under physiological conditions and in pathology. This review summarizes the recent findings in this field. Shear stress, growth factors (such as transforming growth factor-beta, fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor), hormones (such as estrogens, insulin, angiotensin II, and endothelin 1), and other compounds (such as lysophosphatidylcholine) upregulate eNOS expression. On the other hand, the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha and bacterial lipopolys…
TCDD-dependent downregulation of gamma-catenin in rat liver epithelial cells (WB-F344).
2002
TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) is the most potent tumor promoter ever tested in rodents. Although it is known that most of the effects of TCDD are mediated by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the mechanisms leading to tumor promotion still remain to be elucidated. Loss of contact-inhibition is a characteristic hallmark in tumorigenesis. In WB-F344 cells, TCDD induces a release from contact-inhibition manifested by a 2- to 3-fold increase in DNA-synthesis and the emergence of foci when TCDD (1 nM) is given to confluent cells. We focussed our interest on potential cell membrane proteins mediating contact-inhibition in WB-F344 cells, namely E-cadherin, alpha,- beta,-…
Oral mucosal lesions and risk habits among men in an Italian study population
2001
A randomly selected study population of 118 male subjects (> or = 40 years) living on the Mediterranean island of Pantelleria (southwest of Sicily, Italy) was examined for the presence of oral mucosal lesions, with particular emphasis on the early diagnosis of oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. The study population was interviewed for socioeconomic and behavioural information, and clinically examined using WHO criteria. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions observed, and data obtained about oral hygiene, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and exposure to actinic radiation, were analysed. Alcohol drinking was the most common habit in the study population (73%), followed by tobacco smok…
Effect of summer pruning on some fruit quality traits in Hayward kiwifruit
2013
Introduction . The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of various levels of light availability in the fruit microenvironment (induced by summer pruning) on some fruit quality traits. Materials and methods . Two levels of summer pruning were set: removal of either 30% or 60% of the canopy leaf area. These treatments were compared with the control (unpruned vines). Two canopy layers (upper and lower) were identified in each treatment and in the control vines. At harvest, yield per cane and per shoot was recorded in the two canopy layers; fruit fresh weight, flesh firmness, total soluble solid content and total titratable acidity were measured. Fruit Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and…
Prioritization of high-cost new drugs for HCV: making sustainability ethical
2016
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem worldwide. Chronic HCV infection may in the long run cause cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma, with an ultimate disease burden of at least 350,000 deaths per year worldwide. The new generation of highly effective direct acting antivirals (DAA) to treat HCV infection brings major promises to infected patients in terms of exceedingly high rates of sustained virological response (SVR) but also of tolerability, allowing even the sickest patients to be treated. Even in the face of the excellent safety and efficacy and wide theoretical applicability of these regimens, their introduction is currently facing cos…
Filopodia-like actin cables position nuclei in association with perinuclear actin in Drosophila nurse cells
2013
Summary Controlling the position of the nucleus is vital for a number of cellular processes from yeast to humans. In Drosophila nurse cells, nuclear positioning is crucial during dumping, when nurse cells contract and expel their contents into the oocyte. We provide evidence that in nurse cells, continuous filopodia-like actin cables, growing from the plasma membrane and extending to the nucleus, achieve nuclear positioning. These actin cables move nuclei away from ring canals. When nurse cells contract, actin cables associate laterally with the nuclei, in some cases inducing nuclear turning so that actin cables become partially wound around the nuclei. Our data suggest that a perinuclear a…