Search results for "acting"

showing 10 items of 338 documents

Comparing Long-Acting Antipsychotic Discontinuation Rates Under Ordinary Clinical Circumstances: A Survival Analysis from an Observational, Pragmatic…

2021

Background Recent guidelines suggested a wider use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) than previously, but naturalistic data on the consequences of LAI use in terms of discontinuation rates and associated factors are still sparse, making it hard for clinicians to be informed on plausible treatment courses. Objective Our objective was to assess, under real-world clinical circumstances, LAI discontinuation rates over a period of 12 months after a first prescription, reasons for discontinuation, and associated factors. Methods The STAR Network ‘Depot Study’ was a naturalistic, multicentre, observational prospective study that enrolled subjects initiating a LAI without restrictions …

MalePediatricsrespectively)0302 clinical medicineDelayed-Action PreparationBrief Psychiatric Rating ScalePharmacology (medical)he STAR Network ‘Depot Study’ prospectively followed 394 subjects initiating treatment with long-acting injections (LAIs) of antipsychotics under naturalistic conditions for 12 months. LAI discontinuation was frequent in everyday clinical practice in ItalyOriginal Research ArticleProspective StudiesProspective cohort studytreatmentMental DisordersHazard ratiowhereas more than half of participants initiating risperidone LAI and olanzapine LAI discontinued during the 12 months of follow-up (51.4 and 62.5%Psychiatric Status Rating ScaleMiddle Agedside efectsPsychiatry and Mental healthItalyMental DisorderFemalehe STAR Network ‘Depot Study’ prospectively followed 394 subjects initiating treatment with long-acting injections (LAIs) of antipsychotics under naturalistic conditions for 12 months. LAI discontinuation was frequent in everyday clinical practice in Italy occurring in almost 40% of the entire sample; side efects participant refusal to continue LAIs and LAIs no longer being required were the most frequently reported reasons for discontinuation. Paliperidone LAI and aripiprazole LAI were the least discontinued medications (33.9 and 35.4% respectively) whereas more than half of participants initiating risperidone LAI and olanzapine LAI discontinued during the 12 months of follow-up (51.4 and 62.5% respectively). In multivariate analysis being prescribed olanzapine LAI and poor medication adherence at baseline were signifcantly associated with higher discontinuation risk.HumanAntipsychotic Agentsmedicine.drugPsychopathologyAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyDiscontinuationFollow-Up StudieMedication Adherence03 medical and health sciencesmedicineHumansPaliperidoneAdverse effectSettore MED/25 - Psichiatriadiscontinuation ratesPsychiatric Status Rating Scalesrespectively). In multivariate analysisbusiness.industryLong-Acting Antipsychoticlong-acting injectable antipsychoticsSurvival AnalysisConfidence intervalparticipant refusal to continue LAIs and LAIs no longer being required were the most frequently reported reasons for discontinuation. Paliperidone LAI and aripiprazole LAI were the least discontinued medications (33.9 and 35.4%030227 psychiatryDiscontinuationProspective StudieAntipsychotic Agentoccurring in almost 40% of the entire sampleDelayed-Action PreparationsNeurology (clinical)business030217 neurology & neurosurgerybeing prescribed olanzapine LAI and poor medication adherence at baseline were signifcantly associated with higher discontinuation riskFollow-Up Studies
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Decoding the Mechanism of Action of Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Treatment Strategies: Does Gender Matter?

2019

Gender differences play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder. This is strongly supported by a mean 2:1 female-male ratio of depression consistently observed throughout studies in developed nations. Considering the urgent need to tailor individualized treatment strategies to fight depression more efficiently, a more precise understanding of gender-specific aspects in the pathophysiology and treatment of depressive disorders is fundamental. However, current treatment guidelines almost entirely neglect gender as a potentially relevant factor. Similarly, the vast majority of animal experiments analysing antidepressant treatment in rodent models exclus…

MalePsychotherapistsex differencemedia_common.quotation_subjectmedicine.medical_treatmentReviewelectroconvulsive therapyCatalysisNeglectlcsh:ChemistryInorganic Chemistryendocrinology03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineElectroconvulsive therapygendermedicineAnimalsHumansPhysical and Theoretical Chemistrylcsh:QH301-705.5Molecular BiologySpectroscopyDepression (differential diagnoses)media_commonDepressive Disorder Majorantidepressantbusiness.industryOrganic ChemistryGeneral MedicineRapid-acting antidepressantrapid-actingmedicine.diseaseAntidepressive Agents030227 psychiatryComputer Science ApplicationsReview articleTreatment Outcomelcsh:Biology (General)lcsh:QD1-999(2R6R)-HydroxynorketaminedepressionTreatment strategyAntidepressantMajor depressive disorderFemaleKetaminebusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgery
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Resistance analysis and treatment outcomes in hepatitis C virus genotype 3-infected patients within the Italian network VIRONET-C

2021

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) to direct-acting-antivirals (DAAs) in HCV genotype 3 (GT3). Methods: Within the Italian VIRONET-C network, a total of 539 GT3-infected patients (417 DAA-naïve and 135 DAA-failures, of them, 13 at both baseline and failure) were analysed. Sanger sequencing of NS3/NS5A/NS5B was performed following home-made protocols. Results: The majority of patients were male (79.4%), 91.4% were injection drug users, 49.3% were cirrhotic and 13.9% were HIV co-infected. Phylogenetic analysis classified sequences as GT3a-b-g-h (98%-0.4%-0.2%-1.2%) respectively. Overall, 135 patients failed a DAA regimen: sofosbuvir (SO…

MaleSofosbuvirSustained Virologic ResponseDrug ResistanceHepacivirusViral Nonstructural ProteinsGastroenterologySettore MED/06direct-acting antivirals; failure; genotype 3; HCV; resistancechemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineMedicineViralChronicPhylogenyDasabuvirdirect-acting antivirals; failure; genotype 3; hcv; resistancevirus diseasesHepatitis CPibrentasvirfailureItaly030220 oncology & carcinogenesisHCVCombinationDrug Therapy Combination030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyFemalemedicine.drugLedipasvirmedicine.medical_specialtyDaclatasvirGenotypedirect-acting antivirals; failure; genotype 3; HCV; resistance; Antiviral Agents; Drug Resistance Viral; Drug Therapy Combination; Female; Genotype; Humans; Italy; Male; Phylogeny; Sofosbuvir; Sustained Virologic Response; Viral Nonstructural Proteins; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C ChronicAntiviral Agentsresistance03 medical and health sciencesDrug TherapyInternal medicineDrug Resistance ViralHumansgenotype 3direct-acting antiviralsAntiviral Agentdirect-acting antiviralHepaciviruHepatologybusiness.industryViral Nonstructural ProteinGlecaprevirHepatitis C ChronicHCV; direct acting antivirals; failure; genotype 3; resistanceRegimenchemistryParitaprevirSofosbuvirbusinessHepatitis C Chronic.
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Impact of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) on cardiovascular events in HCV cohort with pre-diabetes

2021

Background and aims: Beyond type 2 diabetes, even a condition of prediabetes is associated with an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, and HCV infection coexistence represents an exacerbating factor. CV prognosis improvement in prediabetes represents a challenge, due to the increasing prevalence of this metabolic condition worldwide. Hence, we aimed to prospectively assess how direct acting antivirals (DAAs) could affect major cardiovascular events (MACE) in a prediabetic HCV positive cohort. Methods and results: In this prospective multicenter study, we enrolled HCV patients with overt prediabetes. We compared a subgroup of patients treated with DAAs with untreated prediabetic controls. We…

MaleTime FactorsEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismCardiovascular risk Direct acting antiviralsHepatitis C virusPrediabetes Aged Antiviral Agents Cardiovascular Diseases FemaleHeart Disease Risk Factors Hepatitis C Humans Incidence Italy Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Prediabetic State Prospective Studies Protective Factors Retrospective Studies Risk AssessmentTime Factors Treatment Outcome Viral LoadMedicine (miscellaneous)Type 2 diabetes030204 cardiovascular system & hematologymedicine.disease_causeDIRECT ACTING ANTIVIRALSLiver disease0302 clinical medicineLongitudinal StudiesProspective StudiesPrediabeteseducation.field_of_studyNutrition and DieteticsIncidenceMiddle AgedViral LoadHepatitis CTreatment OutcomeItalyCardiovascular DiseasesCohortFemaleCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyHepatitis C virusPopulation030209 endocrinology & metabolismAntiviral AgentsRisk AssessmentPrediabetic State03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicinemedicineHumanseducationAgedRetrospective Studiesbusiness.industryProtective FactorsCardiovascular riskmedicine.diseaseHeart Disease Risk FactorsDirect acting antiviralHepatitis C virubusinessPrediabetesMace
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Piwi Proteins and piRNAs in Mammalian Oocytes and Early Embryos

2015

SummaryGerm cells of most animals critically depend on piRNAs and Piwi proteins. Surprisingly, piRNAs in mouse oocytes are relatively rare and dispensable. We present compelling evidence for strong Piwi and piRNA expression in oocytes of other mammals. Human fetal oocytes express PIWIL2 and transposon-enriched piRNAs. Oocytes in adult human ovary express PIWIL1 and PIWIL2, whereas those in bovine ovary only express PIWIL1. In human, macaque, and bovine ovaries, we find piRNAs that resemble testis-borne pachytene piRNAs. Isolated bovine follicular oocytes were shown to contain abundant, relatively short piRNAs that preferentially target transposable elements. Using label-free quantitative pr…

MaleTransposable elementendocrine systemEmbryonic DevelopmentPiwi-interacting RNAOvaryMacaqueGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinebiology.animalTestismedicineAnimalsHumansRNA MessengerRNA Small Interferinglcsh:QH301-705.5030304 developmental biologyGenetics0303 health sciencesbiologyurogenital systemOvaryEmbryogenesisRNAEmbryoGerm Cellsmedicine.anatomical_structurelcsh:Biology (General)Argonaute ProteinsProteomeOocytesCattleFemale030217 neurology & neurosurgeryCell Reports
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Tupaia small RNAs provide insights into function and evolution of RNAi-based transposon defense in mammals

2015

Argonaute proteins comprising Piwi-like and Argonaute-like proteins and their guiding small RNAs combat mobile DNA on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. While Piwi-like proteins and associated piRNAs are generally restricted to the germline, Argonaute-like proteins and siRNAs have been linked with transposon control in the germline as well as in the soma. Intriguingly, evolution has realized distinct Argonaute subfunctionalization patterns in different species but our knowledge about mammalian RNA interference pathways relies mainly on findings from the mouse model. However, mice differ from other mammals by absence of functional Piwil3 and expression of an oocyte-specific …

MaleTransposable elementendocrine systemPiwi-interacting RNAGenomic InstabilityEvolution MolecularRNA interferenceAnimalsRasiRNAGene silencingGene SilencingRNA Small InterferingMolecular BiologyMammalsTupaiaGeneticsBase Sequencebiologyurogenital systemArticlesArgonauteGerm CellsMultigene FamilyArgonaute ProteinsDNA Transposable Elementsbiology.proteinSubfunctionalizationRNA InterferenceDicerRNA
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Serious Asthma Events with Fluticasone plus Salmeterol versus Fluticasone Alone

2016

BACKGROUND The safe and appropriate use of long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) for the treatment of asthma has been widely debated. In two large clinical trials, investigators found a potential risk of serious asthma-related events associated with LABAs. This study was designed to evaluate the risk of administering the LABA salmeterol in combination with an inhaled glucocorticoid, fluticasone propionate. METHODS In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial, adolescent and adult patients (age, ≥12 years) with persistent asthma were assigned to receive either fluticasone with salmeterol or fluticasone alone for 26 weeks. All the patients had a history of a severe asthma exacerbation in t…

Maleasthma ; serious events ; fluticasone ; salmeterol ; AUSTRIExacerbationIntention to Treat AnalysiINHALED CORTICOSTEROIDSSeverity of Illness Indexlaw.invention0302 clinical medicineRandomized controlled triallawimmune system diseasesÚs terapèuticBroncodilatadors030212 general & internal medicineChildFluticasoneRISKACTING BETA-AGONISTS; INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS; RISK; EXACERBATIONS; METAANALYSIS; MORTALITY; SAFETY; DEATH; FDAMedicine (all)Hazard ratioDEATHGeneral MedicineBronchodilator agentsMiddle AgedFluticasone-Salmeterol Drug CombinationBronchodilator AgentsIntention to Treat AnalysisAnesthesiaSAFETYFemaleSalmeterolFDAmedicine.drugHumanAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioFluticasone propionate03 medical and health sciencesDouble-Blind MethodInternal medicineAdministration InhalationmedicineHumansMETAANALYSISAsmaBronchodilator AgentAsthmaAgedProportional Hazards ModelsFluticasone-Salmeterol Drug Combinationbusiness.industryMORTALITYACTING BETA-AGONISTSTherapeutic usemedicine.diseaseAsthmarespiratory tract diseasesEXACERBATIONS030228 respiratory systemFluticasone Propionate Salmeterol Xinafoate Drug CombinationProportional Hazards ModelFluticasonebusiness
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A novel mutation of the DHCR7 gene in a sicilian compound heterozygote with Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

2005

Introduction: Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol biosynthesis, resulting from deficient 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (3β-hydroxysterol Δ7-reductase) activity, the enzyme responsible for conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol. SLOS is most common among people of European descent, with a reported incidence of 1 per 20 000–60 000 newborns, depending on the diagnostic criteria and the reference population. More than 80 different mutations have been identified in several hundred patients. In Italy, SLOS appears to be a rare condition, probably because of underdiagnosis. Method: We analyzed by direct sequencing the 7-dehydrocholesterol…

Malecongenital hereditary and neonatal diseases and abnormalitiesHeterozygoteOxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group DonorsMutation MissenseBiologyReductaseCompound heterozygosityExonmedicineMissense mutationHumansGeneSicilyGeneticsnutritional and metabolic diseasesInfantGeneral Medicinemedicine.diseaseHuman geneticsPedigreeSmith-Lemli-Opitz SyndromeOxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group DonorSmith–Lemli–Opitz syndromeMutation (genetic algorithm)Human
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Adding insulin glargine vs. NPH insulin to metformin results in a more efficient postprandial β-cell protection in individuals with type 2 diabetes

2010

AIM Postprandial release of intact proinsulin (IP) is an independent marker for beta-cell dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. This open-label, parallel-group, two-arm, pilot study compared the beta-cell protective effect of adding insulin glargine (GLA) vs. NPH insulin to ongoing metformin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Overall, 28 insulin-naive type 2 diabetes subjects (mean +/- SD age, 61.5 +/- 6.7 years; diabetes duration, 9.8 +/- 6.5 years; HbA1c, 7.1 +/- 0.5%; BMI, 30.7 +/- 4.3 kg/m(2)) treated with metformin and sulfonylurea were randomized to add once-daily GLA or NPH at bedtime. At baseline and after 3 months, subjects received a standardized breakfast, lunch and dinner, with pre- …

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyEndocrinology Diabetes and Metabolismmedicine.medical_treatmentInsulin IsophaneInsulin GlarginePilot ProjectsNPH insulinType 2 diabetesNPH insulinDrug Administration ScheduleEndocrinologyInsulin-Secreting CellsInternal medicineDiabetes mellitusInternal MedicinemedicineHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinintact proinsulinGlycated Hemoglobinbusiness.industryInsulin glargineInsulindigestive oral and skin physiologynutritional and metabolic diseasesFastingOriginal ArticlesMiddle AgedPostprandial Periodmedicine.diseaseMetforminMetforminInsulin Long-ActingEndocrinologyPostprandialDiabetes Mellitus Type 2beta cell stressDrug Therapy CombinationFemalebusinessmedicine.drugBlood samplingDiabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
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HCV cirrhosis at the edge of decompensation: Will paritaprevir with ritonavir, ombitasvir, dasabuvir, and ribavirin solve the need for treatment?

2014

BACKGROUND: The interferon-free combination of the protease inhibitor ABT-450 with ritonavir (ABT-450/r) and the NS5A inhibitor ombitasvir (also known as ABT-267) plus the nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitor dasabuvir (also known as ABT-333) and ribavirin has shown efficacy against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. In this phase 3 trial, we evaluated this regimen in previously untreated patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and no cirrhosis. METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial, we assigned previously untreated patients with HCV genotype 1 infection, in a 3:1 ratio, to an active regimen consisting of a single-ta…

Malemedicine.medical_specialtyMacrocyclic CompoundsDirect-acting antiviralsLiver functionGastroenterologyAntiviral Agents03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicinePegylated interferonInternal medicineRibavirinmedicineHumansAnilidesPortal hypertensionUracilAdvanced liver diseaseSulfonamidesDasabuvirRitonavirHepatologybusiness.industryRibavirinvirus diseasesHepatitis C ChronicVirologyOmbitasvir3. Good healthRegimenchemistryParitaprevir030220 oncology & carcinogenesis030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyRitonavirFemaleLiver functionCarbamatesbusinessmedicine.drugJournal of Hepatology
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