Search results for "adaptation"

Significance of the physiological state of fungal spores.

2008

In predictive mycology, most of the studies have been concerned with the influence of some environmental factors on fungal growth and production of mycotoxins, at steady-state. However, fluctuating conditions, interactions between organisms, and the physiological state of the organisms may also exert a profound influence on fungal responses in food and in the environment. In the laboratory, fungal spores are widely used as a biological material. They are produced under optimal conditions then, partially re-hydrated for obtaining standardized spore suspensions. In real conditions, spores are produced under suboptimal conditions and can be submitted to various stresses prior to their germinat…

Neural Adaptation to Optical Quality Defects

2010

From an optical perspective the eye is far from perfect. This is a fact that is extensively supported by literature; for instance, Prof. Navarro recently provided us with a fantastic critical review on the various theories behind the different eye models and their flaws.1 The human eye has considerable amounts of higher-order aberrations even when it is emmetropic,2 with great inter-individual variability. Besides, higher-order aberrations are still postulated to have a role in the development of the refractive error, although it is not clear the extent to which this may be (see Charman WN for a review).3 The known optical limitations of the normal human eye raised the question as to what t…

Function and evolution of vertebrate globins.

2014

Globins are haem-proteins that bind O2 and thus play an important role in the animal's respiration and oxidative energy production. However, globins may also have other functions such as the decomposition or production of NO, the detoxification of reactive oxygen species or intracellular signalling. In addition to the well-investigated haemoglobins and myoglobins, genome sequence analyses have led to the identification of six further globin types in vertebrates: androglobin, cytoglobin, globin E, globin X, globin Y and neuroglobin. Here, we review the present state of knowledge on the functions, the taxonomic distribution and evolution of vertebrate globins, drawing conclusions about the fu…

Fermentative stress adaptation of hybrids within the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex.

2008

Along the fermentation process yeasts are affected by a succession of stress conditions that affect their viability and fermentation efficiency. Among the stress conditions the most relevant are high sugar concentration and low pH in musts, temperature and, as fermentation progresses, ethanol accumulation. Nowadays, due to the demanding nature of modern winemaking practices and sophisticated wine markets, there is an ever-growing search for particular wine yeast strains possessing a wide range of optimized, improved or novel enological characteristics. Traditionally, the species S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus within the Saccharomyces sensu stricto species are considered some of the most impor…

Adaptive evolution of wine yeast.

2003

Abstract Alcoholic fermentation is one of the main phases in wine production. It is usually conducted by yeasts belonging to the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Industrial S. cerevisiae strains are highly specialized organisms, which have evolved to utilize to their full potential the different environments or ecological niches. So, during the alcoholic fermentation, the yeast has been adapted to different kinds of stress conditions; this adaptation is call “domestication”. In this review, we describe the different mechanisms involved in the adaptive evolution of wine yeast strains.

Continuity Theory and Retirement

2012

The need for recovery scale

2013

Abstract Introduction Need for Recovery scale is one of the main scales used to assess work-induced fatigue and quality of workers’ recovery time. In fact, need for recovery is considered relevant as a precursor of prolonged fatigue or psychological distress, an indicator of work stress, and a mediating or moderating characteristic in the etiology of work-related health problems, sick leave and work disability. Objective The purpose of the present study is to translate the Need for Recovery scale into Italian, and to adapt it to Italian culture; until now there has been no comparable valid instrument made for the Italian language that measures the need for recovery of employees. The stabili…

RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE LATVIAN VERSION OF THE COMPUTERIZED EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS TEST “EXAMINER” IN A STUDENTS SAMPLE: RESULTS OF THE PILOT ST…

2016

The aim of this pilot-study was to assess reliability and validity of the Latvian version of the computerized executive functions test EXAMINER (Executive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research) in a sample of high school students and university students. The adaptation procedure included translation of the instructions and technical configuration of the test’s computerized version. The Latvian version of the EXAMINER includes tasks that measure executive functions of inhibition, set shifting and working memory updating. Participants included two sub-groups: 22 (14 males, 8 female) students from high school and 39 students (11 males, 28 female) from …

The Adaptation of a Web Information System: A Perspective of Organizations

2011

We provide a different view on the problem of Web Information System (WIS) adaptation, looking from perspective of organizations that are interested in an adapted Web Information System for their needs if a unified system to support similar business processes is used. We propose an adaptation architecture for WIS. Two levels of adaptation are introduced—coarse grained adaptation for the organization level and fine grained adaptation for the user level. The architecture supports also the situation, when users can work with many instances of the system adapted for different organizations, which are integrated into one instance for a particular user.

Short-Term Adaptation to Stress and Task-Demands: Covariation of Psychological and Physiological Manifestations

1986

Energetic aspects of adaptation to stress and task demands are reflected in autonomic and somatic nervous system (ANS/SNS) changes (see, eg Lyytinen, 1985). Related psychophysiological individual differences have been illustrated widely in the literature. The reported differences have varied from constitutional ones, like temperament (see, for recent references Nebylitsyn, 1972; Strelau, 1983), via dispositions/traits (Eysenck, 1983) and tonic states (Fahrenberg, Walschburger, Forster, Myrtek and Muller, 1983) to situation-dependent individual differences (eg research on type A; Contrada, Wright and Glass, 1984). The present paper argues that experimential and situational factors are import…