Search results for "adaptation"
showing 10 items of 1775 documents
Coping with cyclic oxygen availability: evolutionary aspects
2007
Both the gradual rise in atmospheric oxygen over the Proterozoic Eon as well as episodic fluctuations in oxygen over several million-year time spans during the Phanerozoic Era, have arguably exerted strong selective forces on cellular and organismic respiratory specialization and evolution. The rise in atmospheric oxygen, some 2 billion years after the origin of life, dramatically altered cell biology and set the stage for the appearance of multicelluar life forms in the Vendian (Ediacaran) Period of the Neoproterozoic Era. Over much of the Paleozoic, the level of oxygen in the atmosphere was near the present atmospheric level (21%). In the Late Paleozoic, however, there were extended times…
Cultural adaptation of the Smiling is Fun program for the treatment of depression in the Ecuadorian public health care system: A study protocol for a…
2021
Background Depression is one of the world's major health problems. Due to its high prevalence, it constitutes the first cause of disability among the Americas, where only a very low percentage of the population receives the adequate evidence-based psychological treatment. Internet-Based Interventions (IBIs) are a great alternative to reduce the treatment gap for mental disorders. Although there are several studies in low-and middle-income countries proving IBIs' feasibility and acceptability, there is still little evidence of the effectiveness in diverse social and cultural contexts such as Latin America. Methods Two studies will be described: Study 1 is focused on the cultural adaptation o…
Link Adaptation Thresholds for the IEEE 802.16 Base Station
2008
The IEEE 802.16 technology defines a number of modulation and coding schemes that the base station can use to achieve the best tradeoff between the spectrum efficiency and the resulting application level throughput. However, the 802.16 specification does not define any particular link level adaptation algorithm, neither does it specify the SNR thresholds to switch between modulation and coding schemes. In this paper we consider a link adaptation model and conduct a number of simulation runs to find transition thresholds for ARQ and HARQ retransmission mechanisms. All the simulations are done with the 802.16 extension for the NS-2 simulator.
DNA Methylation and Non-Coding RNAs during Tissue-Injury Associated Pain.
2022
While about half of the population experience persistent pain associated with tissue damages during their lifetime, current symptom-based approaches often fail to reduce such pain to a satisfactory level. To provide better patient care, mechanism-based analgesic approaches must be developed, which necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the nociceptive mechanism leading to tissue injury-associated persistent pain. Epigenetic events leading the altered transcription in the nervous system are pivotal in the maintenance of pain in tissue injury. However, the mechanisms through which those events contribute to the persistence of pain are not fully understood. This review provides a summar…
Alternative methods for strength development : the case of motor imagery and neuromuscular electrical stimulation
2020
An intense practice of resistance training, i.e. with heavy loads and a low number of repetitions, can cause injuries. To avoid them or limit detraining after an injury, alternative training methods have been developed. These methods have a double target since they also allow populations with different pathologies to practice a physical activity. This thesis focused particularly on the neuromuscular system and the mechanisms involved in strength development on plantar flexors muscles following motor imagery (MI), i.e. mental simulation of a movement without its concomitant motor output, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), i.e. evoking contractions through electrical current app…
Is There a Paradox of Adaptation in Immigrant Children and Youth across Europe?: A Literature Review
2018
This review examines how well children of immigrants in Europe are doing in terms of educational, psychological, and behavioral outcomes. Based on theory and research in developmental, social and acculturation psychology fields, we explore the immigrant paradox (e.g., first-generation immigrant children show better adaptation in comparison to their native and second-generation counterparts) and migration morbidity (e.g., immigrants display less favorable outcomes than natives) in 102 studies conducted in 14 European countries. We conclude that theoretical assumptions of developmental (e.g., promoting context in families, schools, neighborhoods), social (e.g., intercultural behaviors and att…
3-4 gadu vecuma bērnu adaptācijas veicināšana pirmsskolā
2021
Šī bakalaura darba autors ir Dārta Dalbiņa, bakalaura darba tēma ir “ 3-4 gadu vecuma bērnu adaptācijas veicināšana pirmsskolā”. Bakalaura darba mērķis bija analizēt 3-4 gadu vecuma bērnu adaptācija periodu pirmsskolas izglītības iestādēs un apkopot ieteikumus 3-4 gadu vecuma bērnu adaptācijas periodu. Autors izvirzīja šādu darba mērķi, lai turpmāk, turpinot darbu par pedagogu, būtu plašākas zināšanas un zinātu, kā rīkoties dažādās situācijās un pēcāk, lai tās varētu pielietot reālajā dzīvē. Lai varētu veiksmīgi izstrādāt un izpētīt savu izvēlēto bakalaura darba tēmu, autors uzstādīja šādus uzdevumus: 1.Analizēt pedagoģisko un psiholoģisko literatūru par 3-4 gadu vecuma bērnu adaptācijas pe…
Adaptación en la infancia: influencia del estilo parental y del estado de ánimo
2016
La adaptación en la infancia hace referencia al ajuste personal, social y familiar que los niños manifiestan. Esta variable está relacionada con factores personales y familiares que influyen en su desarrollo. Entre ellos los estados emocionales y el estilo educativo que los padres utilizan para educar a sus hijos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar el valor predictivo de los estilos parentales y los estados emocionales sobre la adaptación infantil. Los participantes fueron 1129 niños entre 8 y 12 años de colegios de la Comunidad Valenciana. Los estilos educativos se evaluaron con las Escalas de Identificación de “Prácticas Educativas Familiares”, los estados de ánimo a través de T…
Discussion
1999
Homo sapiens L. has been described as the naked ape, and this nakedness undoubtedly constitutes one of the most striking differences in appearance between man and the apes. Nakedness has been attributed at various times to sexual selection [1], aquatic stage [2], hunting [3], cooling [4], sex [5], neoteny [6] and allometry [7], most proposed explanations logically revealing some aspect of the phenomenon. However, most fail to account for the distinctiveness of man's hairlessness among mammals of the same size. Unfortunately, fossils cannot help us to explain how denudation occurred, and how it helped hominids to survive. In this paper I will present an old hypothesis with a new point of vie…
Local adaptation of a holoparasitic plant, Cuscuta europaea: variation among populations
2000
Locally adapted parasites have higher infectivity and/or fitness on sympatric than on allopatric hosts. We tested local adaptation of a holoparasitic plant, Cuscuta europaea, to its host plant, Urtica dioica. We infected hosts from five sites with holoparasites from the same five sites and measured local adaptation in terms of infectivity and parasite performance (biomass) in a reciprocal cross-infection experiment. The virulence of the parasite did not differ between sympatric and allopatric hosts. Overall, parasites had higher infectivity on sympatric hosts but infectivity and parasite performance varied among populations. Parasites from one of the populations showed local adaptation in t…