Search results for "adipokine"
showing 10 items of 124 documents
Obesity, type 2 diabetes and risk of digestive cancer.
2010
The frequency of obesity has been increasing worldwide for 20 years. Many epidemiological studies support a correlation between obesity and increased risk of cancer, particularly digestive cancers in both genders, and gynaecological cancer in women. Currently, about 5% of cancers could be directly related to overweight. Carcinogenesis mechanisms induced by obesity involve insulin resistance, adipokine and angiogenic factor secretions, and inflammation. Experimental and clinical evidence suggest that insulin resistance plays a major role in carcinogenesis. Insulin and non-protein banded IGF-1, whose levels are increased in type 2 diabetes, stimulate cellular growth and inhibit apoptosis. Abn…
Combined aerobic and resistance training decreases inflammation markers in healthy men
2018
Our primary aim was to study the effects of 24 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance training performed on the same day or on different days on inflammation markers. Physically active, healthy young men were randomly divided into three groups that performed: aerobic and resistance training consecutively in the same training session (SS) 2-3 days wk−1 or on alternating days (AD) 4-6 days wk−1 as well as control (C). The total training volume was matched in the training groups. The control group was asked to maintain their habitual physical activity and exercise level. Maximal leg press strength (1RM) and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were measured. Abdominal fat mass was estimated with dua…
The neural feedback loop between the brain and adipose tissues
2009
Communication également publiée dans le livre "Adipose tissue development: from animal models to clinical conditions" (ISBN 978-3-8055-9450-9) de C. Levy-Marchal et L. Pénicaud (eds); There are more and more data supporting the importance of nervous regulation of both white and brown adipose tissue mass. This short paper will review the different physiological parameters which are regulated such as metabolism (lipolysis and thermogeneis), secretory activity (leptin and other adipokines) but also to plasticity of adipose tissues (proliferation differentiation and apoptosis). The sensory innervation of white adipose issue and its putative role will be also described. Altogether these results …
Apelin treatment increases complete Fatty Acid oxidation, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, and biogenesis in muscle of insulin-resistant mice.
2012
Both acute and chronic apelin treatment have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in mice. However, the effects of apelin on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) during obesity-related insulin resistance have not yet been addressed. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the impact of chronic treatment on lipid use, especially in skeletal muscles. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese and insulin-resistant mice treated by an apelin injection (0.1 μmol/kg/day i.p.) during 4 weeks had decreased fat mass, glycemia, and plasma levels of triglycerides and were protected from hyperinsulinemia compared with HFD PBS-treated mice. Indirect calorimetry experiments showed that apelin-treated mice…
Uncoupling of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Perivascular Adipose Tissue of Diet-Induced Obese Mice
2015
Objective— The present study was conducted to investigate the contribution of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) to vascular dysfunction in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Approach and Results— Obesity was induced in male C57BL/6J mice with a high-fat diet for 20 weeks, and vascular function was studied with myograph. In PVAT-free aortas isolated from obese mice, the endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide–mediated vasodilator response to acetylcholine remained normal. In contrast, a clear reduction in the vasodilator response to acetylcholine was observed in aortas from obese mice when PVAT was left in place. Adipocytes in PVAT were clearly positive in endothelial nitric oxide synthase…
Polymorphisms in endothelin system genes, arsenic levels and obesity risk.
2015
Background/objectivesObesity has been linked to morbidity and mortality through increased risk for many chronic diseases. Endothelin (EDN) system has been related to endothelial function but it can be involved in lipid metabolism regulation: Receptor type A (EDNRA) activates lipolysis in adipocytes, the two endothelin receptors mediate arsenic-stimulated adipocyte dysfunction, and endothelin system can regulate adiposity by modulating adiponectin activity in different situations and, therefore, influence obesity development. The aim of the present study was to analyze if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the EDN system could be associated with human obesity.Subjects/methodsWe analyz…
Nutritional Status and Selected Adipokines in Children with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
2022
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and serum concentrations of adipokines in children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls. We also sought to evaluate their relation to metabolic parameters. Methods: We studied 33 IBS patients (11 girls, 22 boys) aged 5–17 years and 30 healthy age-matched controls (11 girls, 19 boys). The analysis included anthropometric measurements, body composition parameter measurements using bioimpedance, and biochemical tests and measurements of serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, and omentin-1. Results: The results of the anthropometric measurements were comparable between the patients and the…
Renal involvement in psychological eating disorders
2011
Psychological eating disorders – anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder – are an increasing public health problem with severe clinical manifestations: hypothermia, hypotension, electrolyte imbalance, endocrine disorders and kidney failure; they are of interest to nephrologists, but pathophysiological mechanisms in determining the renal involvement are still unclear. We describe pathophysiology, histological features and clinical manifestations of the most frequent psychological eating disorders: AN and BN. Regarding AN, we analyze the recent literature, and identify 3 principal pathways towards renal involvement: chronic dehydration-hypokalemia, nephrocalcinosis …
Metabolic syndrome in the offspring of centenarians: focus on prevalence, components, and adipokines
2013
With aging, an increased prevalence of a clustering of metabolic abnormalities has been observed. These abnormalities include obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance and are collectively known as metabolic syndrome (MetS), a low-grade, systemic, inflammatory condition associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other adverse health outcomes. A number of studies have demonstrated that centenarians’ offspring have a significant survival advantage and a lower risk of developing the most important age-related diseases. They therefore represent one of the best models with which to study the familiar component of human longevity. The aim of this …
Metabolic syndrome pathophysiology: The role of adipose tissue
2006
Several pathophysiological explanations for the metabolic syndrome have been proposed involving insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and ectopic fat accumulation following adipose tissue saturation. However, current concepts create several paradoxes, including limited cardiovascular risk reduction with intensive glucose control in diabetics, therapies that result in weight gain (PPAR agonists), and presence of some of the metabolic traits among some lipodystrophies. We propose the functional failure of an organ, in this case, the adipose tissue as a model to interpret its manifestations and to reconcile some of the apparent paradox. A cornerstone of this model is the failure of the adip…