Search results for "adolescent development"
showing 10 items of 31 documents
Theory of mind development from adolescence to adulthood: Testing the two-component model
2020
The ability to infer mental and affective states of others is crucial for social functioning. This ability, denoted as Theory of Mind (ToM), develops rapidly during childhood, yet results on its development across adolescence and into young adulthood are rare. In the present study, we tested the two‐component model, measuring age‐related changes in social‐perceptual and social‐cognitive ToM in a sample of 267 participants between 11 and 25 years of age. Additionally, we measured language, reasoning, and inhibitory control as major covariates. Participants inferred mental states from non‐verbal cues in a social‐perceptual task (Eye Test) and from stories with faux pas in a social‐cognitive t…
Media use during adolescence: the recommendations of the Italian Pediatric Society
2019
Abstract Background The use of media device, such as smartphone and tablet, is currently increasing, especially among the youngest. Adolescents spend more and more time with their smartphones consulting social media, mainly Facebook, Instagram and Twitter because. Adolescents often feel the necessity to use a media device as a means to construct a social identity and express themselves. For some children, smartphone ownership starts even sooner as young as 7 yrs, according to internet safety experts. Material and methods We analyzed the evidence on media use and its consequences in adolescence. Results In literature, smartphones and tablets use may negatively influences the psychophysical d…
Difference in physical fitness in children with initially high and low gross motor competence: A ten-year follow-up study
2018
Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the difference in relative physical fitness between children with initially high and low gross motor competence in a ten-year prospective study. A sample of 49 children from a local primary school was tested on gross motor competence and physical fitness in 1st grade (5/6 years old). The children were tested again in 2nd (motor competence only), 7th, and 10th grade (15/16 years old). The sample was divided into two groups; initially high and low gross motor competence, according to score (median-split) on the Korperkoordinationstest fur Kinder-test battery in 1st grade. Results suggested that the initially high gross motor competence-group pe…
Immature excitatory neurons develop during adolescence in the human amygdala.
2019
The human amygdala grows during childhood, and its abnormal development is linked to mood disorders. The primate amygdala contains a large population of immature neurons in the paralaminar nuclei (PL), suggesting protracted development and possibly neurogenesis. Here we studied human PL development from embryonic stages to adulthood. The PL develops next to the caudal ganglionic eminence, which generates inhibitory interneurons, yet most PL neurons express excitatory markers. In children, most PL cells are immature (DCX+PSA-NCAM+), and during adolescence many transition into mature (TBR1+VGLUT2+) neurons. Immature PL neurons persist into old age, yet local progenitor proliferation sharply d…
Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index during adolescence: a prospective study among Finnish twins
2009
To study genetic and environmental factors affecting body mass index (BMI) and BMI phenotypic correlations across adolescence. Prospective, population-based, twin cohort study. We used twin modeling in 2413 monozygotic and same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic Finnish twin pairs born in 1983–1987 and assessed using self-report questionnaires at 11–12, 14 and 17 years of age. Heritability of BMI was estimated to be 0.58–0.69 among 11–12- and 14-year-old boys and girls, 0.83 among 17-year-old boys and 0.74 among 17-year-old girls. Common environmental effects shared by siblings were 0.15–0.24 among 11–12- and 14-year-old boys and girls but no longer discernible at 17 years of age. Unique enviro…
Mothering, fathering, and Italian adolescents' problem behaviors and life satisfaction: Dimensional and typological approach
2013
In this study, we explored the relationship between mothering, fathering and Italian adolescents’ problem behaviors and life satisfaction by using both typological and dimensional approaches. From a typological perspective, we examined variations in adolescent adjustment as a function of maternal and paternal parenting styles. From a dimensional perspective, we examined the relationships between crucial dimensions of perceived mothering and fathering (acceptance and strictness) and their contribution to adolescents’ adjustment, for girls and boys separately. A total of 213 adolescents (99 boys and 114 girls), aged from 14 to 16 years of age, completed self-report measures on perceived paren…
Homocysteine Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Update
2017
Background and objective Homocysteine (Hcy) is a non-protein α-amino acid, which plays several important roles in human physiology and in the central nervous system. Although Hcy has several known biological properties in one-carbon metabolism, its overproduction might be harmful, and could add to the pathophysiology associated with ASD. We reviewed the current evidence about changes in Hcy concentration in ASD and tried to correlate its changes with the clinical profile Discussion: The concentration of the amino acid in biological fluids (blood and urine) in children/ youngs with ASD is increased in the majority of studies when comparing to typically developing control subjects. Some repor…
Subjectivity construction in school failure paths. Transition pathways provided for labour insertion for adolescents at risk
2017
RESUMEN La modernización del sistema de Formación Profesional del Estado español se remonta a los años 90. Desde entonces, ha evolucionado significativamente, teniendo los desarrollos europeos como marco de referencia. Con la extensión de la escolarización hasta los 16 años, se introdujo en el año 1994 un tipo de formación profesionalizadora de muy bajo nivel de cualificación, especialmente diseñada para los adolescentes clasificados como de bajo rendimiento académico en Educación Secundaria y para aquellos en situación de vulnerabilidad social. Esta formación fue rediseñada en 2006 y en 2013. Nuestra contribución, enmarcada en una investigación más amplia desarrollada en el seno de un proy…
Übergewicht und Adipositas in Kindheit und Jugend
2010
Einführend wird auf wesentliche Entwicklungsaspekte der interessierenden Lebensphasen Kindheit und Jugend eingegangen. Im Anschluss daran werden verschiedene Aspekte von Übergewicht und Adipositas in Kindheit und Jugend thematisiert. Neben der Definition und Diagnostik, wird auf Möglichkeiten der Klassifikation sowie die Epidemiologie eingegangen. Dargestellt werden darüber hinaus körperliche und psychische Folgestörungen, welche mit Adipositas assoziiert sein können. Basierend auf der Annahme einer multifaktoriellen Adipositasgenese, werden die verursachenden bzw. aufrechterhaltenden Faktoren beschrieben. Neben den genetischen und biologischen Risikofaktoren, wird die Bedeutung verschieden…
Emotional separation and detachment as two distinct dimensions of parent--adolescent relationships
2011
The study examined adolescents’ emotional separation and detachment from parents, analyzing their relations with connectedness and agency, with some aspects of self—other boundary regulation and with problem behavior. The participants were 331 Italian adolescents, aged from 16 to 19 years (mean age = 17.40, SD = 1.14). Separation and detachment were positively related; they were negatively related to connectedness; detachment was also negatively associated to agency. Emotional separation was negatively predicted by empathic concern, perspective-taking and separate self; emotional detachment was negatively predicted by empathic concern and self—other differentiation. Separation negatively p…