Search results for "affect"
showing 10 items of 1382 documents
Sequential versus Simultaneous Schelling Models: Experimental Evidence
2010
This article shows the results of experiments where subjects play the Schelling’s spatial proximity model. Two types of experiments are conducted: one in which choices are made sequentially and a variation of the first where the decision making is simultaneous. The results of the sequential experiments are identical to Schelling’s prediction: subjects finish in a segregated equilibrium. Likewise, in the variant of the simultaneous decision experiment, the same result is reached: segregation. Subjects’ heterogeneity generates a series of focal points in the first round. To locate themselves, subjects use these focal points immediately, and as a result, the segregation takes place again. Fur…
Mulching practices for reducing soil water erosion: A review
2016
Abstract Among the soil conservation practices that are used, mulching has been successfully applied to reduce soil and water losses in different contexts, such as agricultural lands, fire-affected areas, rangelands and anthropic sites. In these contexts, soil erosion by water is a serious problem, especially in semi-arid and semi-humid areas of the world. Although the beneficial effects of mulching are known, further research is needed to quantify them, especially in areas where soil erosion by water represents a severe threat. In the literature, there are still some uncertainties about how to maximize the effectiveness of mulching to reduce the soil and water loss rates. Given the serious…
Introduction: real animals on the stage
2018
This special issue explores the role particularly of live animals on the stage, from the early modern era to the present time. The contributions deal with visual and textual representations of performing animals, typologies of animals in the theatre, the hybridization of the drama with the circus, the zoo and the cinema, as well as the semiotic transfer of animal roles from the text to the stage. We seek here to focus on the changing historical fortunes of the four-footed actor and explore the ways that attitudes to the animal affect their dramatic representations and uses. In attempting to relate snapshots of acting animals from their earliest manifestation on the early modern stage, we co…
Creativity in Middle Childhood: Influence of Perceived Maternal Sensitivity, Self-esteem, and Shyness
2016
This study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal sensitivity and affect, as perceived by the child, and childhood creativity. Self-esteem and shyness were considered mediating factors. A total of 151 elementary school pupils were tested on verbal and pictorial creativity, self-esteem, and perceived maternal affect and sensitivity. Their teachers assessed each child’s shyness in their relations at school. A Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model of the causal relationships among the study’s variables was tested. Results supported this theoretical model of causality. Maternal sensitivity had a significant, direct, positive effect on self-esteem, and a direct negati…
Interfirm Cooperation Capability in the Context of Networking Family Firms: The Role of Power
2004
This article is based on theoretical and empirical research exploring interfirm cooperation capability in the context of networking family firms by focusing on the role of power. By developing the model of interfirm cooperation capability this study seeks understanding of the concept of power on the affective, conative, and cognitive capabilities of networking family firms, and on the competitiveness of the network of family firms. The study suggests that the owner-managers need to have capabilities, such as knowledge and skills, motivation and volition (willpower) and “affection,” when using their personal and institutional power as it affects the model of interfirm cooperation capability…
On the Marketization of the Academic Review Process
2014
Pressure to change the academic reviewing system is growing. We discuss two groups of proposals for introducing market mechanisms. First, Prufer and Zetland (2009), based on Havrilesky (1975), create an auction system: manuscripts are submitted and auctioned to editors in "academic dollars", while citations earn credits for authors. Second, Fox and Petchey (2010), after Riyanto and Yetkiner (2002), create a "PubCred" currency, in which referees are paid and can then pay for their own submissions, while Aarssen (2008) and White and Ernest (2010) introduce hard cash remuneration for reviewers. These systems would adversely affect editors, referees, and authors alike, and would soon prove econ…
Social comparisons at work as related to a cooperative social climate and to individual differences in social comparison orientation
2005
This study examined the frequency of social comparisons in a work setting, and the feelings that these comparisons evoked. These processes were related to individual differences in social comparison orientation, and to the perception of a cooperative social climate at work. The participants were 216 physicians from various health centers in the Community of Valencia in Spain. In general, upward comparisons occurred more often, and elicited more positive and less negative affect than downward comparisons. Those high in social comparison orientation reported relatively more upward as well as downward comparisons, more positive affect after downward comparisons, and more negative affect after …
To detach or not to detach? The role of psychological detachment on the relationship between heavy work investment and well-being: A latent profile a…
2021
AbstractThis study focuses on two types of heavy work investment, namely workaholism and work engagement, and on psychological detachment from work. Both workaholism and work engagement refer to an intense work effort, yet with a different impact on work and personal life. Building on Stressor–Detachment Model (SDM), we examine how different levels of workaholism, work engagement, and psychological detachment influence different outcomes related to employees’ well-being (i.e., perceived health, negative affectivity, positive affectivity). Data were collected from 342 employees via online survey and analyzed by mean of latent profile analysis. Five employee profiles were identified: High-Det…
Drug-Using Sex Workers in the Streets of Valencia
2002
Abstract In order to characterize factors that affect sex work and their influence on risk practices, this ethnographic study carried out in a barrio in Valencia describes female sex workers who use illegal drugs, some who inject drugs and some who do not. A study conducted ten years earlier had shown that women in this setting who injected drugs had more irregular work habits, were less selective about their clientele, took more risks of HIV infection, and lowered their prices and lengthened their working hours when compared to women who did not inject drugs. The current study found most of these contrasts to continue, but, through observation and in-depth interviews, characterized drug-us…
The Impact of Working Memory Training on Children’s Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills
2020
Working memory capacity is thought to play an important role for a wide range of cognitive and noncognitive skills such as fluid intelligence, math, reading, the inhibition of pre-potent impulses or more general self-regulation abilities. Because these abilities substantially affect individuals' life trajectories in terms of health, education, and earnings, the question of whether working memory (WM) training can improve them is of considerable importance. However, whether WM training leads to improvements in these far-transfer skills is contested. Here, we examine the causal impact of WM training embedded in regular school teaching by a randomized educational intervention involving a sampl…