Search results for "agonist"

Divergent in vivo and in vitro antileukemic activity of recombinant interferon beta in patients with chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia

1993

It was the aim of this study to investigate the antileukemic activities of recombinant interferon beta (rIFN beta) in chronic-phase CML in vitro and in vivo. Nine patients in the early chronic-phase of CML were treated in a phase-II trial with escalating doses of rIFN beta. In parallel, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities of rIFN beta and rIFN alpha 2b were studied in vitro. rIFN beta exhibited a significantly higher antiproliferative activity on hematopoietic progenitor cells of CML patients in vitro than rIFN alpha 2b. In contrast, only very limited clinical antileukemic efficacy of rIFN beta was observed. None of the patients achieved a complete or partial hematologic respo…

Risperidone in the Treatment of Disorders with a combined Psychotic and Depressive Syndrome - A Functional Approach

1992

In vitro receptor-binding profiles and in vivo pharmacological studies have shown risperidone to be a potent mixed serotonin-S2 dopamine-D2-like receptor antagonist. While anti-D2 activity may relate to the antipsychotic potency of neuroleptic drugs, an antidepressive efficacy of substances with anti-S2 activity has been suggested. In an open pilot-study, ten patients with schizodepressive disorders or a DSM-III-R diagnosis of psychotic major depressive episodes were treated with risperidone (2-10 mg/d) for six weeks. Weekly psychopathological evaluation was performed, including BPRS, SANS, SAPS, VAS scales, and AIMS and UKU for the assessment of side-effects. Generally, the psychotic syndr…

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of the Antidepressant Mirtazapine and Its N-Demethylated Metabolite in Human Serum

2004

Mirtazapine is a novel antidepressant that acts by enhancing serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. Because very little is known about serum concentrations in relation to clinical effects, the use of therapeutic drug monitoring is so far unclear. A rapid automated HPLC method with fluorescence detection was developed for routine quantification of mirtazapine and its demethylated metabolite N-desmethylmirtazapine in human serum. The precision of the method was suitable because the day-to-day (n = 7) coefficient of variation (CV) of mirtazapine was 9.8, 4.2, and 5.1% for concentrations of 10, 40, and 80 ng/mL, respectively, and the CV for N-desmethylmirtazapine were 11.6, 10.3, and…

Absence of tolerance in duodenal ulcer patients treated for 28 days with a bedtime dose of roxatidine or ranitidine

1996

There is much experimental work on the occurrence of tolerance to the antisecretory effect of H2-receptor antagonists in healthy subjects, while data on its development in patients with duodenal ulcer are poor and conflicting. Moreover, this phenomenon has not been studied previously with 24 h gastric pH-metry in patients with active duodenal ulcer. For these reasons, we carried out a prospective pharmacodynamic investigation in 48 patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer using the well-established once daily dosing schedule of H2 blockers. They were studied by means of 24 h continuous endoluminal pH-metry which was performed before, on d1 and d28 after receiving an oral bedtime d…

Effects of β-adrenergic blockade on EMG signal characteristics during progressive exercise

1984

Prognostic factors of macrophage activation syndrome, at the time of diagnosis, in adult patients affected by autoimmune disease: Analysis of 41 case…

2016

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a rare, life-threatening disease in which early diagnosis and aggressive therapeutic strategy may improve the outcome. Due to its rarity, epidemiologic data are still lacking. Hyperferritinemia is frequently associated with MAS and might modulate the cytokine storm, which is involved in the development of multiple organ failure. In this paper, we investigated clinical data, treatments, and outcome of a homogeneous cohort of 41 adult MAS patients, complicating autoimmune rheumatic diseases. MAS-related death occurred in 17 patients (42.5%) during the follow-up, and older age and increased serum ferritin levels, at the time of diagnosis, were significan…

Efficacy and pharmacological appropriateness of cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of vertigo and related symptoms

2021

Vertigo is not itself a disease, but rather a symptom of various syndromes and disorders that jeopardize balance function, which is essential for daily activities. It is an abnormal sensation of motion that usually occurs in the absence of motion, or when a motion is sensed inaccurately. Due to the complexity of the etiopathogenesis of vertigo, many pharmacological treatments have been tested for efficacy on vertigo. Among these drugs, cinnarizine, usually given together with dimenhydrinate, appears to be the first-line pharmacotherapy for the management of vertigo and inner ear disorders. Based on these considerations, the present non-interventional study aimed to investigate the clinical …

Soothing the seizures of children.

2008

Endocannabinoids are versatile molecules, regulating a variety of functions in the body. Daniele Piomelli explores how recent clinical trials testing rimonabant, an inhibitor of endocannabinoid signaling, for weight loss emerged from studies of individuals with schizophrenia; such trials have spurred basic research into how endocannabinoids affect both energy use and mood. Beat Lutz and Krisztina Monory examine how rimonabant might prove useful for preventing the development of adult epilepsy in response to fever-induced seizures in infants and young children.

Pharmacokinetics of Droloxifene and Its Metabolites in Breast Cancer Patients

1991

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of droloxifene, a new antiestrogenic drug, have been investigated by single- and multiple-dose studies in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Short terminal elimination half-life, low accumulation, and improved drug tolerability are the most striking features of this safe and effective new antiestrogen. Bioequivalence of film-coated tablet, tablet, and standard solution of droloxifene has been shown. The concentrations of droloxifene and its metabolites have been determined by a highly selective HPLC method.

Concentrations of inhibins and activin in women undergoing stimulation with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone for in vitro fertilization treat…

2001

To investigate the influence of human recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on circulating serum concentrations of the ovarian proteohormones inhibin A, inhibin B, pro alpha-C, and activin A and serum levels of estradiol after down-regulation with GnRH analogue.Serum concentrations of ovarian proteohormones and estradiol.Academic clinical practice.30 women who underwent assisted reproductive techniques.Blood samples were analyzed for inhibin A, inhibin B, pro alpha-C, activin A, and estradiol during IVF treatment at points coinciding with pituitary down-regulation, stimulation with recombinant FSH, ovulatory triggering, and the luteal phase of the cycle.Activin A levels did not cha…