Search results for "aid"

Education for all : the hazard within fragile states

2012

Currently, over a third of children not in school live in countries considered being as fragile. These countries, which are mainly located in sub-Saharan Africa, will not reach the objectives of Education For All for 2015. This thesis covers approaches across comparative education, political science and sociology of organizations. It explores empirically the condi¬tions of achievement of EFA within the contexts of fragility. Despite its ambiguities, the notion of fragile states was adopted in 2005 as an operational concept by most of aid agencies. Definitions of fragile state converge on a set of specific criteria (dysfunctional institutions, chronic socio-political instability, limited acc…

L'allocation de l'aide internationale en éducation dans les Etats fragiles : réconcilier les objectifs d'efficacité économique et de justice sociale?

2014

Despite 2005, the notion of fragile states was adopted as an operational concept by most of donors. Nearly ten years after, the increasingly intense debates surrounding the post-2015 global education agenda underlines that the issue about fragile states is unresolved. If access to education can be considered as a "public good", the allocation of international aid is justified, since the early 2000s, for its effectiveness. Our empirical analysis focuses on a broad sample of fragile and non-fragile sub-Saharan countries. Our findings show the emergence of a current contradiction between the inclusive nature of the Education For All goals and the exclusionary nature of the paradigms on which f…

Self-phase modulation-based 2R regenerator including pulse compression and offset filtering for 42.6 Gbit/s RZ-33% transmission systems

2009

International audience; We report on the experimental and theoretical study of a self-phase-modulation-based regenerator at 42.6 Gbit/s with a return-to-zero 33% format. We point out some detrimental effects such as intrachannel interactions and Brillouin scattering. An efficient solution, relying on a self-phase-modulation-based pulse compressor in combination with the regenerator, is proposed to overcome these detrimental phenomena. The experimental demonstration shows the effectiveness of a wavelength-transparent regenerator at 42.6 Gbit/s with a sensitivity-improvement of more than 5 dB and an eye-opening improvement of 2.3 dB in a back-to-back configuration, as well as a 10 times maxim…

Avoin kulttuuriperintö OpenGLAM

2014

OPS — Operation Planning System for Neurosurgery

1993

The departments for neuroradiology and neurosurgery intend to use computer aided methods for individual planning of operations in the sella region. Essential structures like the optic nerve, arteries, aneurysms, the pituitary stalk, ventricles, and tumors should be segmented, reconstructed and visualized. The computed 3D view shall simulate the neurosurgeon’s view through the operation microscope into the scene. This approach shall remedy the lack of available medical image analysis systems for neurosurgical intervention. The emphasis in this article will be on the segmentation algorithms and the impact of the system on daily neuroradiological work.

Appunti sulla opposizione all'esecuzione per crediti tributari

2019

L’articolo esamina entro i quali limiti il contribuente può proporre opposizione all'esecuzione nel caso di esecuzione esattoriale. The article examines the limits within which the tax payer can challeng the execution over his assets.

Demonstration of polarization pulling using a fiber-optic parametric amplifier

2012

International audience; We report the observation of all-optical polarization pulling of an initially polarization-scrambled signal using parametric amplification in a highly nonlinear optical fiber. Broadband polarization pulling has been achieved both for the signal and idler waves with up to 25 dB gain using the strong polarization sensitivity of parametric amplifiers. We further derive the probability distribution function for the final polarization state, assuming a randomly polarized initial state, and we show that it agrees well with the experiments.

A Computational Study on Temperature Variations in MRgFUS Treatments Using PRF Thermometry Techniques and Optical Probes

2021

Structural and metabolic imaging are fundamental for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up in oncology. Beyond the well-established diagnostic imaging applications, ultrasounds are currently emerging in the clinical practice as a noninvasive technology for therapy. Indeed, the sound waves can be used to increase the temperature inside the target solid tumors, leading to apoptosis or necrosis of neoplastic tissues. The Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) technology represents a valid application of this ultrasound property, mainly used in oncology and neurology. In this paper

Soft proton exchanged channel waveguides in congruent lithium tantalate for frequency doubling

2010

We report on stable optical waveguides fabricated by soft-proton exchange in periodically-poled congruent lithium tantalate in the a-phase. The channel waveguides are characterized in the telecom wavelength range in terms of both linear properties and frequency doubling. The measurements yield a nonlinear coefficient of about 9.5pm/V, demonstrating that the nonlinear optical properties of lithium tantalate are left nearly unaltered by the process. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America

Optimal design of elastic plastic frames accounting for seismic protection devices

2013

The optimal design of elastic perfectly plastic steel frames with or without suitable protection devices and subjected to static as well as seismic loadings is studied. Two minimum volume problem formulations are proposed, on the grounds of the so-called statical approach, accounting for three different resistance limits: the purely elastic limit, the (elastic) shakedown limit and the instantaneous collapse limit. The adopted load combinations are characterized by the presence of fixed loads, of quasi-static perfect cyclic loads and dynamic (seismic) loads. The linear elastic effects of the dynamic actions are studied by utilizing a modal technique. The proposed treatment is referred to the…