Search results for "alternative"

Neoclerodane Diterpenoids from Teucrium massiliense

1998

A reinvestigation of the diterpene metabolites of Teucrium massiliense L. allowed the isolation of four new neoclerodane derivatives, teumassilenins A-D, together with all the diterpenoids previously reported as constituents of this plant. The structures of the new compounds (1-4) were established by chemical and spectroscopic means. A plausible biogenetic relationship between several of these substances is briefly discussed, and some unpublished physical and spectroscopic data of the previously known diterpenoid teumassin (5) are now reported.

X-ray Crystal Structure of Woodinine and Conformational Analysis by Semiempirical and 1H-NMR Methods

1997

The mol. structure of (-)-woodinine (I), a carboline-based alkaloid with antibacterial and antimycobacterial activities, was investigated by X-ray crystallog., NMR, and semiempirical quantum chem. methods. The X-ray crystal structure of I showed the indole ring in the expected planar conformation, the pyrrolidine ring in an envelope conformation, and a weak intramol. hydrogen bond between the pyrrolidine nitrogen and the proton of the indole nitrogen. NMR expts. indicated that this hydrogen bond is not present in soln. and that further differences exist between the crystal and the soln. structures of I. By semiempirical quantum chem. methods, different local energy min. conformations of I, …

Metabolites from the Aerial Parts of the Sicilian Population of Artemisia alba

2013

Phytochemical investigation of the CH2Cl2 extract of the aerial parts of Artemisia alba Turra afforded one new irregular sesquiterpenoid, artemiric acid, and five known metabolites: hydroxydavanone, the coumarins isofraxidin and scopoletin, (6 S*,7 S*,10 R*)–6,10-dimethyl-7,10-epoxyocta-11-enoic acid and artalbic acid. From the MeOH extract three flavonoids were identified: chrysoeriol, quercetin and isorhamnetin. The possible biogenetic pathways of artemiric and artalbic acids are discussed.

Chemical composition of the essential oils of Centaurea sicana and C. giardinae growing wild in Sicily

2008

The essential oils of Centaurea sicana (S) and C. giardinae (G) were studied by GC and GC-MS. Thirty constituents for S, representing 81.5% of the total oil, and 24 compounds for G (94.2% of the total) were identified. The oils were rich in sesquiterpenoids (47.9% for S and 54.7% for G) and hydrocarbons (25.9% for S and 31.7% for G). Germacrene D (13.3%), ( E)-β-farnesene (8.3%), nonacosane (7.3%), heptacosane (6.5%) and phytol (6%) were recognized as the main constituents for S, while caryophyllene oxide (17.7%), nonacosane (14.5%), germacrene D (11.5%), caryophyllene (11.2%) and heptacosane (10.3%) were the main compounds for G.

Toxicities by herbal medicines with emphasis to traditional Chinese medicine.

2011

It is estimated that three quarters of the world population rely on herbal and traditional medicine as a basis for primary health care. Therefore, it is one of the most important and challenging tasks for scientists working in drug research to investigate the efficacy of herbal medicine, to dissect favorable from adverse effects, to identify active principles in medicinal plants and to ban poisonous plants or contaminations from herbal mixtures. In the present review, some problems are critically discussed. Botanical misidentification or mislabeling of plant material can play a role for toxic reactions in humans. Some plant descriptions in traditional herbal medicine (e.g. traditional Chine…

Traditional use of medicinal agents: a valid source of evidence

2013

Traditional knowledge uncovered by serious historical research may help to identify new therapeutic agents. It also plays a part in safety evaluation and drug regulation. So far, however, this way of gaining knowledge is very much neglected in the concept of evidence based medicine, which is in no way contradictory to traditional use. Thus, the true meaning of the word 'tradition' is described, while reliable historical sources are quoted. It is then shown how research into the traditional use of medicinal plants is able to reveal knowledge about efficacy and safety of natural products. Several examples successfully leading to new therapeutic options are given. It is then referred to the co…

Methodological Problems in RCTs on IBD

2012

Abstract: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard method for developing evidence-based medicine in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methodological problems in RCTs in IBD concern different aspects such as the definition of the study population due to the extreme variability of patients with IBD, the indices of disease activity, a clearly defined outcome, the environmental risk factors (i.e smoking behaviour) that may influence the randomization, the heterogeneous placebo rate of remission and the different statistical methods used to analyze the results. It is important that trials are designed efficiently, done well and complement clinical practice with a careful subject…

Abstracts of papers and posters advanced activities in pharmaceutical care 24th European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy

1995

Observational study on safety and tolerability of duloxetine in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence in German routine practice

2013

Aims To evaluate the safety and tolerability of duloxetine during routine clinical care in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in Germany, and in particular, to identify previously unrecognized safety issues as uncommon adverse reactions, and the influence of confounding factors present in clinical practice on the safety profile of duloxetine.

On numerical relativistic hydrodynamics and barotropic equations of state

2012

The characteristic formulation of the relativistic hydrodynamic equations (Donat et al 1998 J. Comput. Phys. 146 58), which has been implemented in many relativistic hydro-codes that make use of Godunov-type methods, has to be slightly modified in the case of evolving barotropic flows. For a barotropic equation of state, a removable singularity appears in one of the eigenvectors. The singularity can be avoided by means of a simple renormalization which makes the system of eigenvectors well defined and complete. An alternative strategy for the particular case of barotropic flows is discussed.