Search results for "anesthetics"
showing 10 items of 145 documents
AFM study of interaction forces in supported planar DPPC bilayers in the presence of general anesthetic halothane
2006
International audience; In spite of numerous investigations, the molecular mechanism of general anesthetics action is still not well understood. It has been shown that the anesthetic potency is related to the ability of an anesthetic to partition into the membrane. We have investigated changes in structure, dynamics and forces of interaction in supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers in the presence of the general anesthetic halothane. In the present study, we measured the forces of interaction between the probe and the bilayer using an atomic force microscope. The changes in force curves as a function of anesthetic incorporation were analyzed. Force measurements were in go…
Reversed phase liquid chromatography for the enantioseparation of local anaesthetics in polysaccharide-based stationary phases. Application to biodeg…
2020
[EN] A comprehensive study on the chiral separation of bupivacaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine and propanocaine with eight commercial polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in reversed phase conditions compatible with MS detection is performed. Methanol and acetonitrile are used as organic modifiers. Retention and resolution values obtained for each compound in the different CSPs and mobile phases are compared. The polysaccharide-based CSPs tested present different enantioselectivity towards the analytes. From the results, the experimental conditions for determining the enantiomers of bupivacaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine and propanocaine in saline aqueous samples using MS detecti…
Anaesthetic techniques to prevent perioperative stroke.
2013
Different techniques and interventions that can be used by an anaesthesiologist to minimize the perioperative stroke risk are summarized.The most important risk factors for perioperative stoke are not modifiable, for example previous stroke or renal failure, but they can be used to identify patients with a high risk for perioperative stroke. The antiplatelet therapy should be continued in patients with a high risk for cardiovascular thrombosis. This might be true even for operations in which bleeding should be strictly avoided such as eye surgery. One of the most recent neuroprotective approaches is the remote ischaemic preconditioning.Perioperative stroke increases morbidity and mortality …
Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome
2016
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004598.pub4. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Background: This review is an update of a previously published review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005, Issue 4 (and last updated in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013 issue 8), on local anaesthetic blockade (LASB) of the sympathetic chain to treat people with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Objectives: To assess the efficacy of LASB for the…
Humidity of Anaesthetic Gases with Respect to Low Flow Anaesthesia
1994
It has been demonstrated in an experimental study in swine using the scanning electron microscope that a rebreathing technique utilising minimal fresh gas flowrates significantly improves climatization of anaesthetic gases. Consequently, effects of various anaesthetic techniques on airway climate must be assessed, which covers the need for suitable measuring devices. Basic principles and methods of humidity measurement in flowing anaesthetic gases include gravimetric hygrometry, dew point hygrometry, wet-dry bulb psychrometry, mass spectrometry, spectroscopic hygrometry and electrical hygrometry. A custom-made apparatus for continuous measurement of humidity and temperature in the inspired…
The Effects of Isoflurane and Desflurane on Intracranial Pressure, Cerebral Perfusion Pressure, and Cerebral Arteriovenous Oxygen Content Difference …
2003
Background Desflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent with low solubility whose use in neurosurgery has been debated because of its effect on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow. The purpose of this study was to determine the variations on intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) as well as on cerebral arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVDo(2)) in normocapnic patients scheduled to undergo removal of supratentorial brain tumors with no evidence of mass effect during anesthesia with isoflurane or desflurane. Methods In 60 patients scheduled to undergo craniotomy and removal of supratentorial brain tumors with no evidence of midline shift, anesthesia w…
Human cerebral microcirculation and oxygen saturation during propofol-induced reduction of bispectral index †
2011
† This study investigates the effects of propofol-induced changes in bispectral index (BIS) on cerebral microcirculation and oxygenation during craniotomies. † In 2 mm cerebral depth, an increase in propofol dosage resulted in increased oxygen saturation (srvO2 )w ithout reduction of capillary venous blood flow (rvCBF). † Difference in oxygen content (avDO2) and approximated cerebralmetabolicrateofoxygen (aCMRO2) decreased with an increase in propofol dosage in 2 mm cerebral depth. † Alterations in BIS showed no effect on rvCBF, srvO2 ,a nd haemoglobin amount (rvHb) or on avDO2 or aCMRO2 in 8 mm cerebral depth. † These findings suggest that the CBF/CMRO2 ratio is altered by propofol in a re…
Perioperative nonspecific histamine release : a new classification by aetiological mechanisms and evaluation of their clinical relevance
1993
As a consequence of the performance of a randomized controlled clinical trial on perioperative histamine release and cardiovascular and respiratory disturbances, several types of increases in plasma histamine had to be distinguished instead of only two which existed at the beginning of the study: drug-induced allergic and pseudoallergic reactions. First of all, the new classification by aetiology (clinical epidemiology) was derived from a meta-analysis (secondary analysis) of the most recent literature. According to that histamine release in the perioperative period has several, different causes and is involved in several, different disease manifestations. A clear distinction (classificatio…
Pulpal ischemia in man: effects on detection threshold, A-delta neural response and sharp dental pain
1999
— Preferential blocks of peripheral nerves have shown that myelinated nerves are more susceptible to local compression and less resistent to asphyxia than unmyelinated fibers. Since two groups of functionally different nociceptors exist in the dental pulp, it is of theoretical and clinical interest to determine the influence of ischemia on the sensitivity of human dental pulp, using standard means for testing tooth vitality and at the same time investigating the intensity coding in one pathway of the afferent trigeminal system. Adrenaline was used to study the differential effect of adrenaline-induced ischemia on intradental A-delta nerve activity (INA) and the concomitant sharp pain, as we…
Relationship Between Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Electrocorticographic Activities Under Sevoflurane and Isoflurane Anesthesia
2010
The aims of this study are (1) to assess the effects of volatile anesthetics on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and electrocorticography (ECoG), and (2) to investigate the relationship between rCBF and ECoG influenced by volatile anesthetics. The authors measured rCBF using laser Doppler flowmetry and ECoG simultaneously and continuously from the same cortex during craniotomy, using the specially arranged probe. Patients received intravenous anesthetics with nitrous oxide until craniotomy, and after opening of dura, volatile anesthetic, either isoflurane or sevoflurane, was started and was gradually increased for the measurement. Four of the nine cases (44.4%) of the sevoflurane group s…