Search results for "ansiot"

"Koti rempallaan, mies tyytymätön, lapset huonosti hoidettuja" : suomalaisissa naistenlehdissä käyty keskustelu koti- ja ansioäitiydestä vuosina 1950…

2010

More skilled, better paid : labour-market returns to postsecondary vocational education

2017

Outside the USA, relatively little is known about the labour-market returns to postsecondary vocational (or polytechnic) education. Yet, polytechnics in Europe are distinct from US community colleges. This paper focuses on the labour-market returns to polytechnic attendance in Finland, where polytechnics are representative of many European countries. Using matching methods and longitudinal administrative data, we find that, compared to individuals with no postsecondary education, students who attend polytechnics have higher annual earnings of €3,300 to €3,700 and employment gains of 2.5 to 6.6 percentage points 10 years after the entry decision. However, the returns vary by personal charact…

Harsh times: do stressors lead to labor market losses?

2018

This paper examines the links between stressful life events and labor market outcomes. We use twin data for Finnish men and women combined with register-based individual information on earnings, employment and social income transfers. The twin data allow us to account for shared environmental and genetic confounders. We measure the exposure to stressful life events in 1990. The labor market outcomes are measured during a 20-year follow-up over the period 1990–2009. Three findings stand out. First, stressors lead to worse labor market outcomes. Second, both men and women are distressed by labor market shocks, but they respond differently to marital problems and health shocks within the famil…

Health endowment and later-life outcomes in the labour market : Evidence using genetic risk scores and reduced-form models

2019

This paper examines the relationship between health endowment and later-life outcomes in the labour market. The analysis is based on reduced-form models in which labour market outcomes are regressed on genetic variants related to the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. We use linked Finnish data that have many strengths. Genetic risk scores constitute exogenous measures for health endowment, and accurate administrative tax records on earnings, employment and social income transfers provide a comprehensive account of an individual’s long-term performance in the labour market. The results show that although the direction of an effect is generally consistent with theoretical reasoning, …

The effect of weight on labor market outcomes: An application of genetic instrumental variables

2019

This paper contributes to the literature on the labor market consequences of obesity by using a novel instrument: genetic risk score, which reflects the predisposition to higher body mass index (BMI) across many genetic loci. We estimate instrumental variable models of the effect of BMI on labor market outcomes using Finnish data that have many strengths, for example, BMI that is measured rather than self‐reported, and data on earnings and social income transfers that are from administrative tax records and are thus free of the problems associated with nonresponse, reporting error or top coding. The empirical results are sensitive to whether we use a narrower or broader genetic risk score, …

Back to School : Labor-Market Returns to Higher Vocational Schooling

2019

This paper examines the labor-market returns to a new form of postsecondary vocational education: vocational master's degrees. We use individual fixed effects models on a matched sample of students and non-students from Finland to capture any time-invariant differences across individuals. We find that attendance in vocational master's programs leads to an earnings increase of more than seven percent five years after entry. The estimated effect remains positive even if selection on unobservables is twice as strong as selection on observables. Earnings gains are similar by gender and age, but they are marginally higher for those in the health sector than for those in the business or technolog…

Employment Status and Personal Income Before and After Onset of a Severe Mental Disorder: A Case-Control Study.

2020

Objective: Individuals with severe mental disorders have an impaired ability to work and are likely to receive income transfer payments as their main source of income. However, the magnitude of this phenomenon remains unclear. Using longitudinal population cohort register data, the authors conducted a case-control study to examine the levels of employment and personal income before and after a first hospitalization for a serious mental disorder. Methods: All individuals (N=50,551) who had been hospitalized for schizophrenia, other nonaffective psychosis, or bipolar disorder in Finland between 1988 and 2015 were identified and matched with five randomly selected participants who were the sam…

If you drink, don't smoke : Joint associations between risky health behaviors and labor market outcomes

2018

This paper examines the links between risky health behaviors and labor market success. We provide new evidence on the joint relationships between the most prominent forms of risky health behavior - alcohol consumption, smoking and physical inactivity - and long-term labor market outcomes. We use twin data for Finnish men and women linked to register-based individual information on earnings and labor market attachment. The twin data allow us to account for shared family and environmental factors and to measure risky health behaviors in 1975 and 1981. The long-term labor market outcomes were measured in adulthood as an average over the period 1990-2009. The sample sizes are 2156 and 2498 twin…

Comprehensive school reform and labor market outcomes over the lifecycle: Evidence from Finland

2021

This study focused on the labor market effects of the Finnish comprehensive school reform in 1972–1977 over the lifecycle. The reform increased the age at which students are separated into vocational and general tracks from 11 to 16 as well as updated the curriculum to include more general content instead of vocational. Using longitudinal administrative register data and exploiting the gradual implementation of the reform, I found a negative effect on employment in early career and a positive effect later in the lifecycle. Results for labor earnings are more nuanced and sensitive to different model specifications, but a positive effect was found in the late career. After the reform, the tre…

Huipputaidoilla huippuansioille? : kognitiivisen etevyyden ja korkean ansiotason yhteensovittuminen Euroopan työmarkkinoilla 2010-luvulla

2017

Kuilu huipputuloisten ja keskituloisten ansioiden välillä on kasvanut viimeisten vuosikymmenien aikana Euroopassa. Keskeisiä selityksiä ilmiölle ovat olleet osaamista suosiva teknologia sekä korkeakoulutettujen kysynnän kasvu. Koulutusta korostavien selitysmallien lisäksi yhä enemmän huomiota on kiinnitetty kognitiivisiin taitoihin. Näiden taitojen vaikutusten arvioimiseksi on kehitetty aikuisten luku-, numero- ja ongelmanratkaisutaitoja mittaava tutkimus PIAAC. Tutkimusten mukaan PIAACissa menestyvät ihmiset hyödyntävät paremmin teknologiaa, ansaitsevat enemmän ja joutuvat pienemmällä todennäköisyydellä työttömiksi. Työmarkkinoilla maksettavien huipputuloja on myös selitetty supertähtiteor…