Search results for "anticholinergic"

Effects of Some Directly-Acting Smooth Muscle Relaxant Drugs on Isolated Human Preparations of the Upper Urinary Tract

1985

It is generally assumed that drugs which induce relaxation of smooth muscles may be of clinical importance in some urological disorders; such drugs are indeed widely used, for example in the therapy of unstable bladders or to facilitate the passage of ureteral stones. Antispasmodic action may be classified in neurotropic and musculo-tropic action; the former acting on the autonomic nervous system and the latter directly on smooth muscle cells. Examples for the first type of action are anticholinergic drugs or alpha-adrenoceptor-antagonists, whereas papaverine is a classic drug with the second type of action.

Reduction of clozapine-induced hypersalivation by pirenzepine is safe.

2004

Introduction Hypersalivation is known as a frequent, disturbing, and socially stigmatizing side effect of therapy with the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. It has been shown that the addition of the anticholinergic pirenzepine is able to reduce clozapine-induced hypersalivation, probably by blocking M4-receptors. Nevertheless, a pharmacokinetic interaction between both compounds cannot be excluded. Methods In this pilot study, 29 schizophrenic patients (ICD-10; 51.7 % female; age: 36.7 +/- 8.7 years [mean +/- SD]) were included. Serum concentrations of clozapine and its pharmacologically active metabolite N-desmethylclozapine were determined under steady-state conditions by automated HPLC …

New fixed bronchodilator combinations of a long-acting β2-agonist and a long-acting anticholinergic

2012

Urinary Incontinence in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Common Co-morbidity or a Typical Adverse Effect?

2019

Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as a loss of bladder control and is characterized by the complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine. Evidence suggests that the prevalence of UI is higher in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than in age-matched controls in both sexes. UI is classified as stress, urge, and mixed, and has a considerable impact on quality of life. However, the prevalence of UI in individuals with COPD is mostly unexplored in clinical research and often underestimated in clinical practice. Interestingly, although the involuntary leakage of a small amount of urine during coughing (e.g., stress UI) is among the most plausible causes of UI in patien…

Impact of tiotropium + olodaterol on physical functioning in COPD: results of an open-label observational study

2016

Rüdiger Sauer,1 Michaela Hänsel,2 Roland Buhl,3 Roman A Rubin,4 Marcel Frey,5 Thomas Glaab2,3 1Lung Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany; 2Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany; 3Pulmonary Department, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany; 4Pulmonary Specialist Practice, Wiesbaden, Germany; 5Biometrics, Alcedis GmbH, Gießen, Germany Background: Maintaining and improving physical functioning is key to mitigating the cycle of deconditioning associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated the impact of free combination of the long-acting anticholinergic tiotropium plus the long-acting β2-agonist ol…

Influence of Drugs on Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: Evidence from the PACOS Study

2022

Background: Polytherapy and the anticholinergic activity of several drugs negatively influence cognition in the elderly. However, little is known on the effect on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Methods: Patients with PD belonging to the baseline PACOS cohort with full pharmacological data, have been included in this study. MCI diagnosis was made according to the MDS level II criteria. Polytherapy was defined as patients assuming ≥6 drugs. Anticholinergic burden has been calculated using the Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS). Molecules have been classified according to the ATC classification. Association with MCI has been assessed with a multivariate logistic re…

Tiotropium - ein langwirksames, inhalatives Anticholinergikum zur Therapie der chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD)

2003

Anticholinergics are agents of first choice for the symptomatic treatment of patients with COPD. Tiotropium (Ba 679 BR, Spiriva) is a long-acting inhaled anticholinergic designed for once-daily bronchodilator treatment of COPD. Tiotropium is a selective antagonist of pulmonary M1 and M3 muscarinic receptor subtypes, that produces a long-lasting (24 hours), dose-dependent bronchodilation and bronchoprotection against constrictive stimuli, e. g. methacholine, following inhalation of single doses. Clinical trials with tiotropium in COPD patients over a maximum treatment duration of one year have confirmed a persisting bronchodilator effect of tiotropium compared with placebo and ipratropium, a…

Future Directions in the Pharmacologic Therapy of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2005

Current therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) fails to alter its relentless progression. This remains a significant challenge and unmet need. A recent advance is the demonstration that treatment with a fixed dose of an inhaled corticosteroid and a long-acting beta2-agonist in COPD improves lung function and quality of life, and reduces exacerbation more effectively than either drug alone. Other improvements include the introduction of tiotropium, a once-daily anticholinergic. In advanced clinical development are other once-daily bronchodilators and combinations of anticholinergic drugs and beta2-agonists. Increased understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD has led to nove…

Blinded 12-week comparison of once-daily indacaterol and tiotropium in COPD.

2011

Two, once daily (q.d.) inhaled bronchodilators are available for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the β(2)-agonist indacaterol and the anticholinergic tiotropium. This blinded study compared the efficacy of these two agents and assessed their safety and tolerability. Patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were randomised to treatment with indacaterol 150 μg q.d. (n=797) or tiotropium 18 μg q.d. (n=801) for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the two treatments had similar overall effects on "trough" (24 h post-dose) forced expiratory volume in 1 s. Indacaterol-treated patients had greater improvements in transition dyspnoea index (TDI) total score (least squares means 2.0…

Alternative mechanisms for tiotropium

2009

Tiotropium is commonly used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although largely considered to be a long-acting bronchodilator, its demonstrated efficacy in reducing the frequency of exacerbations and preliminary evidence from early studies indicating that it might slow the rate of decline in lung function suggested mechanisms of action in addition to simple bronchodilation. This hypothesis was examined in the recently published UPLIFT study and, although spirometric and other clinical benefits of tiotropium treatment extended to four years, the rate of decline in lung function did not appear to be reduced by the addition of tiotropium in this study. This article summ…