Search results for "anticipation"
showing 10 items of 82 documents
Differences in agency? How adolescents from 18 countries perceive and cope with their futures
2012
This study investigated how N = 5,126 adolescents (mean age of 15 years) from 18 countries perceive and cope with future- and school-related stress. The adolescents completed the Problem Questionnaire (PQ), which assesses stress, and the Coping Across Situations Questionnaire (CASQ), which assesses three coping styles (reflection/support-seeking, emotional outlet, and withdrawal/denial). Across countries, adolescents reported considerably higher levels of future-related stress than school-related stress. The adolescents actively coped with stressors in both domains and seldom relied on emotional outlet or withdrawal/denial. A clustering of the countries according to socioeconomic criteria …
Theta and gamma oscillations in the rat hippocampus during attentive lever pressing
2018
AbstractThe hippocampus is known to be pivotal for spatial memory but emerging evidence suggests its contribution to temporal memories as well. However, it is not clear how the hippocampus represents time and how it synchronizes spatial and temporal presentations into a coherent memory. We assessed the specific role of hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations and their interaction in short-term timing of motor reactions. Rats were trained to maintain lever pressing for 2.5 s and then to quickly release the lever and retrieve water reward from a nearby water port guided by a cue light. In essence, this task allows observation of hippocampal rhythms during timed anticipation when no overt mov…
E-wave and heart rate responses during anticipation of nonmotor events.
1994
This study concentrated on three main questions: 1) can anticipatory late negative shift (expectancy wave, E-wave) be elicited in nonmotor S1-S2 paradigm, 2) is it sensitive to variation of emotional aspects of the task and 3) is there a connection between heart rate (HR) responses and E-wave. S1 was a letter row that was replaced tachistoscopically by another letter row (S2). The task of the subjects (n = 12) was to detect if the critical aspects of S2 were similar to S1. After their delayed response they received feedback of their performance. The emotional aspects of the task were varied by presenting aversive noise bursts at the end of the feedback period either always, contingently to …
Comment les étudiants de différentes filières anticipent-ils leur avenir scolaire et professionnel ?
2014
Cette communication s'interroge sur les anticipations salariales et professionnelles des étudiants de différentes filières universitaires en France. Alors que les enquêtes d'insertion, de plus en plus fréquentes dans les universités françaises, sont censées donner une information précise sur les débouchés professionnels, on peut s'interroger sur la manière dont les étudiants s'approprient réellement cette information pour leur choix d'études. Même au sein d'un secteur universitaire ouvert à tous et massifié, on peut faire l'hypothèse que ces anticipations vont sensiblement différer entre les filières universitaires dont les publics sont scolairement et socialement très différenciés et dont …
El proceso de transmisión de la política monetaria a la estructura temporal de los tipos de interés en España
2011
This paper analyses the adjustment grade and speed of interest rates term structure in Spain to changes in official interest rateo For this purpose, we specify and estimate an error-correction model, which considers the anticipation of future policy monetary and this allows obtaining an efficient estimator ofthe long-run relation. Moreover, we consider the possibility of asymmetry in the adjustment process to the equilibrium. The results indicate that interest rates anticipate monetary policy actions. Furthermore, monetary policy is transmitted quickly and completely to the short-term interest rates, while transmission is not complete in long-term interest rates but his speed has increased …
Les étudiants anticipent-ils correctement la valeur de leur diplôme sur le marché du travail ?
2013
Documents de travail de l'IREDU, n°2013-1; Ce travail analyse la manière dont les étudiants de première année d'université anticipent leurs salaires futurs, puis compare ces salaires à ceux qu'ils peuvent réellement observer sur le marché du travail. Nos résultats montrent globalement une surestimation des salaires anticipés d'environ 9 pour cent en début de carrière, ce qui est cohérent avec des travaux réalisés dans d'autres pays. En revanche, les salaires anticipés après dix ans de carrières sont supérieurs de 28 pour cent aux salaires observés des diplômés à ancienneté comparable. Les résultats soulignent également l'importance de l'environnement familial lors du choix des études supéri…
Comment les étudiants pourraient réagir face à une hausse du coût de leurs études ?
2014
La théorie économique traditionnelle suppose que les étudiants décident de leurs études en fonction des coûts et des bénéfices anticipés de leur investissement scolaire. L'objectif de notre communication, basée essentiellement sur une recherche empirique, est de s'interroger sur l'information dont disposent les étudiants sur le rendement de leurs études en fonction notamment de leurs caractéristiques scolaires et socioéconomiques, puis leur réaction face à une hausse du coût de leur scolarité. A partir d'une enquête sur 400 étudiants en sciences humaines et sociales d'une université française, nous proposons dans un premier temps d'estimer la rentabilité qu'ils attribuent à leur projet scol…
Integrating Advanced Visual Information with Ball Projection Technology Constrains Dynamic Interceptive Actions
2014
The role of advanced visual information in ball catching was investigated by integrating video images of action and ball projection technology in four different conditions: Integrated video and ball projection (VBP), Video-Only (VO), Ball Projection-Only (BPO) and Misleading Ball projection (MBP). Hand kinematics and gaze behaviour data were collected from participants who attempted to catch balls one handed in all conditions. During VBP, catching performance was more successful, tracking of the ball occurred earlier and lasted longer, with maximum grip aperture emerging earlier with a slower maximum velocity than in BPO. During VO, movement emerged later than VBP, with larger maximum and m…
The development of anticipation in the fetus: A longitudinal account of human fetal mouth movements in reaction to and anticipation of touch
2013
Research suggests that fetuses open or close their mouth in relation to directed movements but it is unclear whether mouth opening anticipates the touch or is a reaction to touch, as there has been no analysis so far of (1) the facial area of touch and (2) the sequential ordering of touch and mouth movements. If there is prenatal development of the anticipation of touch we would expect the frequency of fetal mouth opening immediately preceding the arriving hand at the mouth area to increase with fetal age. Fifteen healthy fetuses, eight girls and seven boys, underwent four additional 4-D scans at 24, 28, 32, and 36 weeks gestation. Changes in the frequency of touch for different facial regi…
Genetics in restless legs syndrome
2004
Several studies on Restless leas syndrome (RLS) have suggested a substantial genetic contribution in the etiology of this sleep disorder. Clinical surveys of idiopathic RLS patients have shown that up to 60% report a positive family history. Investigations of single families with RLS have suggested an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with variable expressivity, and some families show possible anticipation. At present, only one twin study is available, showing a high concordance rate (83.3%) between identical twins. Despite several reports suggesting a genetic contribution to the etiology of idiopathic RLS, few molecular genetic studies have been carried out attempting to identify gene…