Search results for "antidepressant"
showing 10 items of 161 documents
1023 – Therapeutic drug-monitoring of bupropion for depression
2013
Introduction Therapeutic Drug-Monitoring (TDM) for bupropion is limited by bupropion's instability at room temperature and by the absence of a well-defined therapeutic reference range. Further it is unclear to what extent bupropion and its metabolites contribute to therapeutic effects, though hydroxybupropion seems to account for the major antidepressant effects. Aim The aim of this examination was to check if measurement of only hydroxybupropion is useful to guide the antidepressant therapy with bupropion. Methods Hydroxybupropion plasma levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with ultra violet detection and related to therapeutic effects measured by the Clinical Glo…
Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil and Linalool Counteract Social Aversion Induced by Social Defeat
2018
Many vegetable extracts, essential oils, and their main constituents are active on the Central Nervous System (CNS). In fact, they have been used as sedatives, hypnotics, or tranquilizers for their activity in treating CNS disorders. In this research, we studied the possible activities of Lavandula angustifolia (LA) essential oil and of its main constituent, linalool, as anti-stress compounds on anxiety and social interaction and their in vitro effects on proteins (pERK and PKA) involved in the transmission of the signal. An acute intraperitoneal injection of linalool (100 mg/kg) and of LA essential oil (200 mg/kg) reduced motor activity without any anxiolytic effect, but significantly incr…
Efficiency of antidepressant drugs as monoamine reuptake inhibitors: analysis of the hydrophobicity influence using biopartitioning micellar chromato…
2004
The reuptake blockade of biogenic amines by antidepressants is related not only to their therapeutics effects, but also to their side effects and potential drug-drug interactions. As an alternative to classical quantitative structure-activity relationships studies, in this work we propose different quantitative retention-activity relationships (QRAR) models that are able to describe the monoamine reuptake inhibition by antidepressants. The retention of compounds is measured using a biopartitioning micellar chromatography (BMC) system that can simulate the same hydrophobic, electronic and steric molecular interactions as those that condition drug activity. Since all the compounds considered …
The pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A systematic review wi…
2017
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders in childhood. A wide variety of treatments have been used for the management of ADHD. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of pharmacological, psychological and complementary and alternative medicine interventions for the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents. Methods and findings We performed a systematic review with network meta-analyses. Randomised controlled trials (≥ 3 weeks follow-up) were identified from published and unpublished sources through searches in PubMed and the Cochrane Library (up to April 7, 2016). Interventions of interest were pharmacolo…
Tratamiento psicofarmacológico del trastorno bipolar en América Latina
2011
Objective: This study assessed the treatment preferences among Latin-American psychiatrists for their bipolar disorder patients and if these preferences reflect the current guidelines. Methods: We designed a survey comprised of fourteen questions. All the questions were aimed at the treatment of bipolar I patients only. We distributed the survey by hand or e-mail to psychiatrists in eight different countries: Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México, Perú and Venezuela. Between May 2008 and June 2009, we were able to gather 1143 surveys. Results: As the initial choice of treatment for a bipolar patient who debuts with mania, 61.3% choose a combination of an atypical antipsyc…
The oscillatory profile induced by the anxiogenic drug fg-7142 in the amygdala-hippocampal network is reversed by infralimbic deep brain stimulation:…
2021
Anxiety and depression exhibit high comorbidity and share the alteration of the amygdala-hippocampal-prefrontal network, playing different roles in the ventral and dorsal hippocampi. Deep brain stimulation of the infralimbic cortex in rodents or the human equivalent-the subgenual cingulate cortex-constitutes a fast antidepressant treatment. The aim of this work was: (1) to describe the oscillatory profile in a rodent model of anxiety, and (2) to deepen the therapeutic basis of infralimbic deep brain stimulation in mood disorders. First, the anxiogenic drug FG-7142 was administered to anaesthetized rats to characterize neural oscillations within the amygdala and the dorsoventral axis of the …
Antidepressant-associated mood-switching and transition from unipolar major depression to bipolar disorder: A review
2012
Compare reported rates of mood-shifts from major depression to mania/hypomania/mixed-states during antidepressant (AD)-treatment and rates of diagnostic change from major depressive disorder (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BPD).Searching computerized literature databases, followed by summary analyses.In 51 reports of patients diagnosed with MDD and treated with an AD, the overall risk of mood-switching was 8.18% (7837/95,786) within 2.39 ± 2.99 years of treatment, or 3.42 (95% CI: 3.34-3.50) %/year. Risk was 2.6 (CI: 2.5-2.8) times greater with/without AD-treatment by meta-analysis of 10 controlled trials. Risk increased with time up to 24 months of treatment, with no secular change (1968-2012).…
Effects of escitalopram on the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor protein levels in a rat model of chronic stres…
2009
Escitalopram (ES-CIT) is a widely used, highly specific antidepressant. Until now there has been very little evidence on how this drug under pathological conditions affects an important feature within the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders such as depression: the endogenous neurotrophins. By using a well-characterized rat model in which chronic stress induces depressive-like behavior, the levels of neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were determined in representative brain regions and serum using a highly sensitive improved fluorometric two-site ELISA system. There was a significant increase of BDNF in the left and right cortices aft…
Effect of sulpiride in endogenous depression.
1984
Clinical practice and pharmacological data suggest a possible antidepressive action of sulpiride given in low dosages. To further explore the therapeutic efficacy of sulpiride 11 patients with an endogenous type of depression were studied during treatment with an oral daily dose of 150 mg sulpiride. The present data allows the conclusion that (A) low dosed sulpiride seems to act as an antidepressant in severe and milder forms of depression, (B) a clinical progress is seen earlier than is common during treatment with tricyclics and (C) a significant increase of drive is observable. However, sulpiride maintenance therapy did not prevent early relapse into depression. The preliminary nature of…
Response to Agomelatine Treatment is Independent of Smoking Status and Dosage: Results From the AGOPSYCH Study.
2018
Abstract Introduction Cigarette smoking influences response to antidepressant treatment. It accelerates the metabolism of several cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtypes, including CYP1A2, and therefore bears the risk of pharmacokinetic interactions with psychotropic drugs using that pathway. Agomelatine is a substrate of CYP1A2; the association between nicotine use and agomelatine dosage, however, has never been studied before. Methods Smoking habits were correlated with agomelatine doses and treatment outcomes in a sample of 27 patients with lifetime diagnoses within the schizophrenia spectrum who received agomelatine treatment in addition to their stable antipsychotic treatment regimen because of…