Search results for "aqueous solution"
showing 10 items of 1610 documents
Stable adducts of nerve agents sarin, soman and cyclosarin with TRIS, TES and related buffer compounds—Characterization by LC-ESI-MS/MS and NMR and i…
2009
Abstract Buffering compounds like TRIS are frequently used in chemical, biochemical and biomedical applications to control pH in solution. One of the prerequisites of a buffer compound, in addition to sufficient buffering capacity and pH stability over time, is its non-reactivity with other constituents of the solution. This is especially important in the field of analytical chemistry where analytes are to be determined quantitatively. Investigating the enzymatic hydrolysis of G-type nerve agents sarin, soman and cyclosarin in buffered solution we have identified stable buffer adducts of TRIS, TES and other buffer compounds with the nerve agents. We identified the molecular structure of the…
Inverse Thermogelation of Aqueous Triblock Copolymer Solutions into Macroporous Shear-Thinning 3D Printable Inks
2020
Amphiphilic block copolymers that undergo (reversible) physical gelation in aqueous media are of great interest in ditIerent areas including drug delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biofabrication. We investigated a small library of ABA-type triblock copolymers comprising poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) as the hydrophilic shell A and different aromatic poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(2-oxazine)s cores B in an aqueous solution at different concentrations and temperatures. Interestingly, aqueous solutions of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazine)-block-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMeOx-b-PPheOzi-b-PMeOx) undergo inverse thermogelation below a critical temperatur…
Study of liquid–liquid equilibria at different temperatures of water + ethanol + 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide tern…
2016
Abstract The experimental liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) data of the water + ethanol + 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([bmp][Tf2N]) system has been measured at different temperatures in this work. The LLE of the system has been measured at between 283 and 333 K. The UNIQUAC and NRTL models were used to correlate the LLE data and good results were obtained in both cases, however UNIQUAC gave a more accurate correlation. In order to apply the UNIQUAC model the volume and surface parameters for [bmp][Tf2N] (r, q) were determined. Finally, in order to obtain ethanol from the aqueous mixture, the solvent capability of the ionic liquid was checked and compared wit…
Nerve agent simulant detection by using chromogenic triaryl methane cation probes
2012
Two triaryl methane cations have been used as probes for colorimetric detection of nerve agent simulants. Buffered mixed aqueous solutions of 1 and 2 showed bathochromic shifts in the presence of DCNP (diethylcyanophosphonate) and DCP (diethylchlorophosphate). The colour modulation can be observed to the naked eye. Appropriate mechanisms for the recognition event are proposed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Die Dissoziationskonstanten von 2,2?-Dihydroxydiphenylmethanderivaten
1973
The pK-values of the first and second degree of dissociation of 2.2′-dihydroxy-5-methyl-3′.5′-dinitro-diphenylmethane, 2.2′-dihydroxy-5-methyl-5′-nitro-diphenylmethane and 2.2′-dihydroxy-5.5′-dimethyl-3′-nitro-diphenylmethane were determined in aqueous solution at 25°C spectrophotometrically. Comparing the observed pK-values with those of 2-methyl-4.6-dinitrophenol, 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol, 2.4-dimethyl-6-nitro-phenol and 2.4-dimethylphenol, we found a decrease of the values of pK1 and an increase of pK2. We explain this by the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bridge which stabilizes the anion of the half dissociated form. This assumption is supported by the UV spectra.
Time-resolving Analysis of Cryotropic Gelation of Water/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Solutions via Small Angle Neutron Scattering
2007
The structural transformations occurring in initially homogeneous aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) through application of freezing (-13 degrees C) and thawing (20 degrees C) cycles is investigated by time resolving small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). These measurements indicate that formation of gels of complex hierarchical structure arises from occurrence of different elementary processes, involving different length and time scales. The fastest process that could be detected by our measurements during the first cryotropic treatment consists of the crystallization of the solvent. However, solvent crystallization is incomplete, and an unfrozen liquid microphase more concentr…
Slow Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(vinyl alcohol) in Confined Environment during Cryotropic Gelation of Aqueous Solutions
2006
The gelation kinetics of aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) during freezing at −13 °C has been investigated with time-resolved small angle neutron scattering. Crystallization of PVA takes place inside an unfrozen liquid microphase that forms in the matrix of ice crystals and follows a first-order kinetics during the early stages and becomes very slow in the later stages with an apparent Avrami exponent lower than 1. Crystallization of PVA at low temperatures is responsible of formation of strong physical gels upon defrosting, provided that the concentration of PVA is higher than a critical value.
Mesoscopic and Microscopic Investigation on Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels in the Presence of Sodium Decylsulfate
2007
The structure of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels formed as a result of freeze/thaw treatments of aqueous solutions of the polymer (11 wt % PVA) in the freshly prepared state is analyzed through the combined use of small (SANS) and ultrasmall (USANS) angle neutron scattering techniques. The structure of these hydrogels may be described in terms of polymer rich regions, with dimensions of the order of 1-2 microm, dispersed in a water rich phase, forming two bicontinuous phases. The PVA chains in the polymer rich phase form a network where the cross-linking points are mainly crystalline aggregates of PVA having average dimensions of approximately 45 A. The structural organization of freeze…
E-beam crosslinked, biocompatible functional hydrogels incorporating polyaniline nanoparticles
2012
Abstract PANI aqueous nanocolloids in their acid-doped, inherently conductive form were synthesised by means of suitable water soluble polymers used as stabilisers. In particular, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or chitosan (CT) was used to stabilise PANI nanoparticles, thus preventing PANI precipitation during synthesis and upon storage. Subsequently, e-beam irradiation of the PANI dispersions has been performed with a 12 MeV Linac accelerator. PVA-PANI nanocolloid has been transformed into a PVA-PANI hydrogel nanocomposite by radiation induced crosslinking of PVA. CT-PANI nanoparticles dispersion, in turn, was added to PVA to obtain wall-to-wall gels, as chitosan mainly undergoes chain scission…
Microgels of polyaspartamide and poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives obtained by γ-irradiation
2002
Abstract The copolymer PHG based on α , β -poly( N -2-hydroxyethyl)- dl -aspartamide (PHEA) functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate has been exposed in aqueous solution to a γ -ray source at different irradiation doses (2, 2.5 and 3.5 kGy), alone or in combination with poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) or poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA). The irradiation produces microgel systems that have been characterized by viscosity measurements. Lyophilization of microgels gives rise to samples able to swell instantaneously in water whereas their treatment with acetone produces swellable microparticles that have been characterized.