Search results for "arachidonic"
showing 10 items of 178 documents
In vivo activity of pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactones in acute and chronic inflammation.
2000
The pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactones 4-alpha-O-acetyl-pseudoguaian-6beta-olide (1), hymenin (2), ambrosanolide (3), tetraneurin A (4), parthenin (5), hysterin (6) and confertdiolide (7) were evaluated for their ability to affect the inflammation responses induced by different agents. All the compounds showed activity against the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema. The ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced mouse ear edema was inhibited by compounds 3, 5 and 7. However, when sesquiterpene-lactones were assayed on the arachidonic acid (AA)-induced mouse ear edema, none of them were active. The only sesquiterpene lactone orally active against the paw mouse…
Docosahexaenoic acid and other fatty acids induce a decrease in pHiin Jurkat T-cells
2003
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) induced rapid (t1/2=33 s) and dose-dependent decreases in pHi in BCECF-loaded human (Jurkat) T-cells. Addition of 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchanger, prolonged DHA-induced acidification as a function of time, indicating that the exchanger is implicated in pHi recovery. Other fatty acids like oleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, but not palmitic acid, also induced a fall in pHi in these cells. To assess the role of calcium in the DHA-induced acidification, we conducted experiments in Ca2+-free (0% Ca2+) and Ca2+-containing (100% Ca2+) buffer. We observed that there was no difference in the degree of DHA-induced transient ac…
Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity across Body Mass Index in Females : Moderating Effect of Endocannabinoids and Temperament
2014
Altres ajuts: This manuscript was supported by grants from Instituto Salud Carlos III (FIS PI11/210 and CIBERobn). Sarah Sauchelli is recipient of a pre-doctoral Grant (2013-17) by IDIBELL. Jose C. Fernández-García is recipient of a 'Rio Hortega' contract from 'Instituto de Salud Carlos III', Madrid, Spain (CM12/00059). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Endocannabinoids and temperament traits have been linked to both physical activity and body mass index (BMI) however no study has explored how these factors interact in females. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to 1) examine differences…
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Unusual Lupane Saponins fromBupleurum fruticescens
1998
Extracts from Bupleurum fruticescens were examined for oral and topical anti-inflammatory activities. The BuOH extract proved to be active against carrageenan and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate acute edemas and allowed the isolation of three saponins identified by spectroscopic techniques as 3 beta-O-(O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->6)]-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)lup-20(29)-ene-23,28-dioic acid (fruticesaponin A), 3 beta-O-(O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl) lup-20(29)-ene-23,28-dioic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (fruticesaponin B), and 3 beta-O-(O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->6)]-O-beta-D-glucopy…
Diacylglycerol-containing oleic acid induces increases in [Ca(2+)](i) via TRPC3/6 channels in human T-cells.
2011
Though most of the studies have focused on the effects of free fatty acids on T-cell activation, fatty acids incorporated into plasma membrane phospholipids may also affect cell signaling via diacylglycerol (DAG), generally produced by phospholipid hydrolysis. In the present study, we have synthesized a DAG-containing oleic acid and studied its implication in the modulation of calcium signaling in human Jurkat T-cells. 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol (POG) induced a dose-dependent increase in [Ca(2+)](i). This effect was due to the presence of oleic acid at the sn-2 position as no differences were observed between POG and 1-stearoly-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol (SOG). However, the substitution of …
Role of three isoforms of phospholipase A2in capacitative calcium influx in human T-cells
2002
The present study was conducted on human Jurkat T-cell lines in order to elucidate the role of phospholipase A2 in capacitative calcium entry. We have employed thapsigargin (TG) that induces increases in [Ca2+]i by emptying the calcium pool of endoplasmic reticulum, followed by capacitative calcium entry. We designed a Ca2+ free/Ca2+ reintroduction (CFCR) protocol for the experiments, conducted in Ca2+-free medium. By employing CFCR protocol, we observed that addition of exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) stimulated TG-induced capacitative calcium influx. The liberation of endogenous AA and its autocrine action seems to be implicated during TG-induced capacitative calcium influx: TG potentiate…
Prostaglandin E(2)-loaded microspheres as strategy to inhibit phagocytosis and modulate inflammatory mediators release.
2008
PGE(2), an arachidonic acid metabolite produced by various type of cells regulates a broad range of physiological activities in the endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and immune systems, and is involved in maintaining the local homeostasis. In the immune system, PGE(2) is mainly produced by APCs and it can suppress the Th1-mediated immune responses. The aim of this study was to develop PGE(2)-loaded biodegradable MS that prolong and sustain the in vivo release of this mediator. An o/w emulsion solvent extraction-evaporation method was chosen to prepare the MS. We determined their diameters, evaluated the in vitro release of PGE(2), using enzyme immunoassay and MS uptake by periton…
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Current Status and Future Prospects
2010
Prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid by the action of cyclooxygenase and subsequent downstream synthetases. Two closely related forms of the cyclooxygenase have been identified which are now known as COX-1 and COX-2. Both isoenzymes transform arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, but differ in their distribution and their physiological roles. Meanwhile, the responsible genes and their regulation have been clarified. COX-1, the pre-dominantly constitutive form of the enzyme, is expressed throughout the body and performs a number of homeostatic functions such as maintaining normal gastric mucosa and influencing renal blood flow and platelet aggregation. In contrast, the inducible for…
Natural Triterpenoids as Anti-Inflammatory Agents
2000
Abstract This chapter reviews the natural triterpenes with anti-inflammatory activity, including the traditional ones and the new compounds isolated over the last six years. Triterpenes are widely distributed in plants, and in many cases are the principles responsible for their anti-inflammatory effects. Many of these compounds are active in different in vivo experimental models such as hind paw edema induced by carrageenan, serotonin and phospholipase A2; ear edema induced by phorbol and daphnane esters, ethylphenylpropiolate, arachidonic acid and capsaicin; adjuvant arthritis and experimental models of allergy. Other effects have been studied in vitro, and some triterpenes are active agai…
Generation of an Eosinophilotactic Factor from Human PMNs by Various Mechanisms of Cell Activation
1979
It is well established that an increase in the number of eosinophils both in tissue and in the circulation is a feature of many clinical conditions based on delayed (1,2) and immediate type hypersensitivity reactions (3,4). Since eosinophils have been recognised to exert specific killer function on parasites (5) and to be prominent participants at sites of inflammation, the mechanisms of their chemo-attraction are of major importance. In immediate type hypersensitivity reactions, eosinophils have been demonstrated to counteract the mediators of inflammation such as histamine (6), the SRS-A (7) and the platelet aggregating factor (8).