Search results for "argumentation"

Between facts and norms: action research in the light of Jürgen Habermas's theory of communicative action and discourse theory of justice1

1998

Abstract An emphasis on democracy is typical of action research. Therefore, theories of modern democracy can be applied within the field of school development through action research. According to Jurgen Habermas, the promotion of democratic will formation requires the promotion of free and rational communicative action that is as free from manipulation as possible. Under ideal communicative conditions, consensus is achieved dialectically through the force of a better argument. The principles of rational argumentation have been developed in detail in Habermas's publications on discourse ethics and in The Theory of Communicative Action. He has recently developed his approach in a book entitl…

Probabilistic Logic under Coherence‚ Model−Theoretic Probabilistic Logic‚ and Default Reasoning in System P

2016

We study probabilistic logic under the viewpoint of the coherence principle of de Finetti. In detail, we explore how probabilistic reasoning under coherence is related to model-theoretic probabilistic reasoning and to default reasoning in System P. In particular, we show that the notions of g-coherence and of g-coherent entailment can be expressed by combining notions in model-theoretic probabilistic logic with concepts from default reasoning. Moreover, we show that probabilistic reasoning under coherence is a generalization of default reasoning in System P. That is, we provide a new probabilistic semantics for System P, which neither uses infinitesimal probabilities nor atomic bound (or bi…

Probabilistic Logic under Coherence, Model-Theoretic Probabilistic Logic, and Default Reasoning

2001

We study probabilistic logic under the viewpoint of the coherence principle of de Finetti. In detail, we explore the relationship between coherence-based and model-theoretic probabilistic logic. Interestingly, we show that the notions of g-coherence and of g-coherent entailment can be expressed by combining notions in model-theoretic probabilistic logic with concepts from default reasoning. Crucially, we even show that probabilistic reasoning under coherence is a probabilistic generalization of default reasoning in system P. That is, we provide a new probabilistic semantics for system P, which is neither based on infinitesimal probabilities nor on atomic-bound (or also big-stepped) probabil…

Reports of the AAAI 2009 Fall Symposia

2010

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence was pleased to present the 2009 Fall Symposium Series, held Thursday through Saturday, November 5–7, at the Westin Arlington Gateway in Arlington, Virginia. The Symposium Series was preceded on Wednesday, November 4 by a one-day AI funding seminar. The titles of the seven symposia were as follows: (1) Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures, (2) Cognitive and Metacognitive Educational Systems, (3) Complex Adaptive Systems and the Threshold Effect: Views from the Natural and Social Sciences, (4) Manifold Learning and Its Applications, (5) Multirepresentational Architectures for Human-Level Intelligence, (6) The Uses of Comp…

Argumentation in Secondary School Students' Structured and Unstructured Chat Discussions

2012

Joint construction of new knowledge demands that persons can express their statements in a convincing way and explore other people's arguments constructively. For this reason, more knowledge on different means to support collaborative argumentation is needed. This study clarifies whether structured interaction supports students' critical and elaborative argumentation. The study compares the quality of secondary school students' argumentation during structured and unstructured chat interaction. The data consist of 16 dyadic chat discussions: 8 discussions concerned vivisection and 8 gender equality. Half of the discussions were carried out through structured chat, and the other half through…

Transmediating argumentation : Students composing across written essays and digital videos in higher education

2016

This comparative study examined how university students built an argument in written essays and multimodal digital videos, and how their argumentation transmediated across these two mediums. Data analysis involved 1) analysis of content in both written essays and digital videos; 2) the development of transmediation visualizations to elucidate how ideas were transformed from essays into videos; and 3) multimodal analysis to understand the communicative affordances and constrains for argumentation with each medium. The findings revealed that the most common type of content in both essays and videos was supportive argumentation; however, the videos did not include any counter-argumentation. St…

Investigating elementary school students’ text-based argumentation with multiple online information resources

2020

In this study, we explored how elementary school students used multiple information resources in responding to a text-based argumentation task asking them to research a set of online texts in order to state and justify their stance on a controversial health-related issue. Results showed that most students took a stance that was consistent with the majority of the information resources that they read, that they mainly drew on more reliable resources in their written task products, and that they justified their stance by providing one or more supporting reasons. Students relied much more on copying and paraphrasing content from the online resources than on integrating information within and a…

The recreational science as a tool to motivate and improve the acquisition of argumentation skills

2013

The present work consists essentially of an analysis of the use of recreational science (games, toys and recreational experiences playful dial) in formal learning, checking improving student motivation and acquisition of scientific-argumentative to incorporate classroom activities containing elements such recreational.

Defense of the Common Law against postbellum American Codification: Reasonable and Fallacious Argumentation

2010

La persuasió de la lògica i la lògica de la persuasió: les proposicions en vers del Dictat de Ramon (1299) de Ramon Llull

2014

En aquest article s’aborda l’estudi del Dictat de Ramon, una obra en vers que té el propòsit d’aportar arguments per provar els sis articles més destacats de la fe cristiana. Cada una de les sis parts en què es divideix el text conté vint, deu o dotze dístics que condensen en forma de proposició o màxima els arguments que s’addueixen. En el treball s’examina, en primer lloc, les estructures i les formulacions logicosemàntiques d’aquestes proposicions, entre les quals destaquen sobretot les construccions condicionals; en segon lloc, s’estudia la funció de la rima i la versificació, i es descriuen de forma sintètica els recursos estilístics que Llull empra en la redacció dels dístics; finalme…