Search results for "artichoke"
showing 10 items of 12 documents
Micropropagation of Globe Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus).
2013
The globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) is a perennial plant cultivated in the Mediterranean region and the Americas for its edible young flower heads. Although vegetative propagation by offshoots or by “ovoli” (underground dormant axillary buds) has been the primary method of propagation, the potential for the diffusion of diseases and the phenotypic variability can be very high. The propagation of this species by axillary shoot proliferation from in vitro cultured meristems produces systemic pathogen free plants and a higher multiplication rate as compared to that obtained by conventional agamic multiplication. Axillary shoot proliferation can be induced from excised sho…
Artichoke, Cynarin and Cyanidin Downregulate the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Human Coronary Smooth Muscle Cells
2014
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is one of the world’s oldest medicinal plants with multiple health benefits. We have previously shown that artichoke leaf extracts and artichoke flavonoids upregulate the gene expression of endothelial-type nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human endothelial cells. Whereas NO produced by the eNOS is a vasoprotective molecule, NO derived from the inducible iNOS plays a pro-inflammatory role in the vasculature. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of artichoke on iNOS expression in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC). Incubation of HCASMC with a cytokine mixture led to an induction of iNOS mRNA expression. This iNOS induction was c…
Alternative for improving gut microbiota: use of Jerusalem artichoke and probiotics in diet of weaned piglets
2014
AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of Jerusalem artichoke and probiotics on defence activity of intestinal cells of weaning pigs. One hundred eighty piglets (7 weeks old) were fed with basal feed supplemented with Jerusalem artichoke, Lactobacillus reuteri and Pediococcus pentosaceus. After 5 weeks, the piglets were slaughtered and the gastrointestinal contents and intestine samples were taken for analysis. Results demonstrated that in pigs fed basal diet with both probiotics and Jerusalem artichoke (5% of basal diet) (T3 group) had less (P<0.05) faecal Enterobacteriaceae microorganisms and coliforms and had more (P<0,05) faecal Lactobacillus than in pigs from ot…
Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect of a Polyphenol-Rich Ingredient, Oleactiv
2018
The development of nutraceutical ingredients has risen as a nutritional solution for health prevention. This study evaluated the effects of Oleactiv®, an ingredient developed for the prevention of atherogenesis, in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Oleactiv® is a polyphenol-rich ingredient obtained from artichoke, olive and grape extracts as part of fruit and vegetables commonly consumed within the Mediterranean diet. A total of 21 Golden Syrian hamsters were divided into three groups. The standard group (STD) was fed a normolipidemic diet for 12 weeks, while the control group (CTRL) and Oleactiv® goup (OLE) were fed a high-fat diet. After sacrifice, the aortic fatty streak area (AFSA), plasma…
Optimization of Spray-Drying Process of Jerusalem artichoke Extract for Inulin Production
2019
Jerusalem artichoke is an important natural matrix for inulin production. In this experiment, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the spray-drying parameters in order to determine the maximal inulin yield. For this study, three independent variables (heating temperature (Tª
Fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke by Zymomonas and Saccharomyces
2008
PurposeThe aim of this study is to find out the appropriate fermentation conditions of Jerusalem artichoke powder (JAP) based media to obtain light beverage containing inulin.Design/methodology/approachJAP water suspension or filtrate were used for preparation of growth media with or without enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin for fermentation by Zymomonas mobilis 113 “S” or Saccharomyces cerevisiae.FindingsIf enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin was not used significantly higher amount of inulin (7.42 per cent) was unconverted by Z. mobilis than by S. cerevisiae (2.22 per cent) while the ethanol concentration was much higher (2.86 per cent) after S. cerevisiae fermentation than after Z. mobilis ferme…
New Polylactic Acid Composites Reinforced with Artichoke Fibers
2015
In this work, artichoke fibers were used for the first time to prepare poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based biocomposites. In particular, two PLA/artichoke composites with the same fiber loading (10% w/w) were prepared by the film-stacking method: the first one (UNID) reinforced with unidirectional long artichoke fibers, the second one (RANDOM) reinforced by randomly-oriented long artichoke fibers. Both composites were mechanically characterized in tensile mode by quasi-static and dynamic mechanical tests. The morphology of the fracture surfaces was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, a theoretical model, i.e., Hill's method, was used to fit the experimental Young's modu…
An Influence of Fructan Containing Concentrate from Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers on the Development of Probiotic Dairy Starters on Milk and Oat-based S…
2007
Supplementation of milk and oat hydrolysate containing medium with Jerusalem artichoke concentrate (JAC) and subsequent fermentation with probiotic dairy starters resulted in substantial stimulation of probiotics Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus as well as yogurt starter culture Lactobacillus bulgaricus development and acidification rate. The strain-specific responses of the general yogurt cultures, as well as probiotics to the addition of JAC, should be considered to achieve optimal composition of probiotic strains and conformable fermentation conditions. JAC is suggested to be perspective prebiotic additive for fermented synbiotic milks or oat-hydrolysate-based product…
Energia zapomnianego topinamburu
2017
Zainteresowanie znalezieniem alternatywy dla energii z paliw kopalnych zwiększa się i kieruje uwagę na rośliny, które mogą być źródłem biomasy. Szczególnie cenne jest uprawianie roślin bioenergetycznych na glebach o mniejszej przydatności rolniczej, ugorach i terenach rekultywacyjnych. W tym względzie, wśród dużej grupy roślin, wielki potencjał ma słonecznik bulwiasty (Helianthus tuberosus L.). Jest on gatunkiem wszechstronnym, użytecznym jako surowiec w wielu gałęziach przemysłu, tradycyjna żywność dla ludzi i zwyczajowa pasza dla zwierząt. Obecnie, w Polsce bylinom tym nadal nie poświęca się wystarczającej uwagi. W artykule omówiono wybrane zagadnienia związane uprawą słonecznika bulwiast…
Carbohydrates in Jerusalem artichoke powder suspension
2007
Purpose – The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of temperature and action time on the extraction rate of carbohydrates of Jerusalem artichoke concentrate powder and inactivation of inulin during boiling and sterilization.Design/methodology/approach – Water suspension of Jerusalem artichoke concentrate (5g/100ml) at 25, 50 and 100○C was tested after 5, 15, 30 and 60min to determine the content of inulin, glucose, fructose and sucrose and evaluate the extraction rate. The stability of inulin was studied after boiling and sterilization at 120○C during 1, 2 and 3h. The extraction rate was evaluated by Fourier‐Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy as well.Findings – It was shown …