Search results for "athletes"
showing 10 items of 728 documents
Caffeine Increases Strength and Power Performance in Resistance-trained Females During Early Follicular Phase
2020
The effects of 4 mg·kg−1caffeine ingestion on strength and power were investigated for the first time, in resistance-trained females during the early follicular phase utilizing a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Fifteen females (29.8 ± 4.0 years, 63.8 ± 5.5 kg [mean ± SD]) ingested caffeine or placebo 60 minutes before completing a test battery separated by 72 hours. One-repetition maximum (1RM), repetitions to failure (RTF) at 60% of 1RM, was assessed in the squat and bench press. Maximal voluntary contraction torque (MVC) and rate of force development (RFD) were measured during isometric knee extensions, while utilizing interpolated twitch technique to measu…
Influence of the distance in a roundhouse kick's execution time and impact force in Taekwondo.
2009
Taekwondo, originally a Korean martial art, is well known for its kicks. One of the most frequently used kicks in competition is Bandal Chagui or roundhouse kick. Excellence in Taekwondo relies on the ability to make contact with the opponent's trunk or face with enough force in as little time as possible, while at the same time avoiding being hit. Thus, the distance between contestants is an important variable to be taken into consideration. Thirty-one Taekwondo athletes in two different groups (expert and novice, according to experience in competition) took part in this study. The purpose of this study was to examine both impact force and execution time in a Bandal Chagui or roundhouse ki…
Loading modalities and bone structures at nonweight-bearing upper extremity and weight-bearing lower extremity: a pQCT study of adult female athletes.
2005
This cross-sectional study of adult female athletes assessed whether the apparent loading-related differences in bone structure are primarily associated with the loading type or the muscle performance-related joint moments. Several structural variables at shaft sites of the tibia, radius and humerus, and distal sites of the tibia and radius were measured with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) among 113 female national level athletes (representing hurdling, volleyball, soccer, racket-sports and swimming) and their 30 nonathletic referents. For the weight-bearing lower extremities, the loading modalities of the above sports were classified into high-impact (hurdling, volleyba…
Association between long-term exercise loading and lumbar spine trabecular bone score (TBS) in different exercise loading groups
2015
Objective: To examine whether different exercise loading is associated with lumbar vertebral texture as assessed with Trabecular Bone Score (TBS). Methods: Data from 88 Finnish female athletes and 19 habitually active women (reference group) were analyzed. Participants’mean age was 24.3 years(range 17-40 years).Athletes were divided into five specific exercise loading groups according to sport-specific training history: high-impact (triple jumpers and high jumpers), odd-impact (soccer players and squash players), high-magnitude (power lifters), repetitive impact (endurance runners), and repetitive non-impact (swimmers). TBS-values were determined from lumbar vertebral L1-L4 DXA images. Body…
The difference in risk of chronic pulmonary disease morbidity and mortality between former elite athletes and ordinary men in Finland.
2019
The impact of a history of competitive sports on later smoking behaviour and occurrence of chronic pulmonary diseases is poorly known. We investigated how a history of elite level sports predicted later pulmonary disease morbidity and mortality. Chronic pulmonary disease incidence was assessed from national hospital and cause-of-death registers from 1970 to 2015 among Finnish male former elite athletes (n = 2078) and matched controls (n = 1453) alive in 1970 (mean age 45.0 years). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated by Cox proportional hazards model. In 1985, cohort members reported on their smoking habits, engagement in physical activity/sports and physician-diagnosed chronic diseases. The…
Influence of the structural components of artificial turf systems on impact attenuation in amateur football players
2019
AbstractThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of the structural components of different 3rd generation artificial turf football field systems on the biomechanical response of impact attenuation in amateur football players. A total of 12 amateur football players (24.3 ± 3.7 years, 73.5 ± 5.5 kg, 178.3 ± 4.1 cm and 13.7 ± 4.3 years of sport experience) were evaluated on three third generation artificial turf systems (ATS) with different structural components. ATS were composed of asphalt sub-base and 45 mm of fibre height with (ATS1) and without (ATS2) elastic layer or compacted granular sub-base, 60 mm of fibre height without elastic layer (ATS3). Two triaxial accelerome…
Sprint and endurance training in relation to redox balance, inflammatory status and biomarkers of aging in master athletes
2019
Purpose: Studies have shown a positive influence of intense athletic training on several biomarkers of aging, but it remains unclear whether this influence is dependent of exercise-training-mode. This study compared redox balance, cytokine levels and biomarkers of aging between master sprinters and endurance athletes, as well as in young and middle-aged individuals as controls. Methods: Participants were male master sprinters (SA, 50±8.9yrs; n=13) and endurance runners (EA, 53±8.2yrs; n=18) with remarkable athletic experience (∼25yrs of practice), besides untrained young (YC, 22.7±3.9yrs; n=17) and age-matched controls (MC, 45.5±9.8yrs; n=12). Anamnesis, anthropometrics, biomarkers of aging…
Impact of a 4-Week Intensified Endurance Training Intervention on Markers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) and Performance Among Well-T…
2020
Cyclists often apply block periodization to high training volumes in meso- and macrocycles to optimize training adaptation and to prepare for competition. Body mass influences performance in many sports, including endurance disciplines, and conditions related to the syndrome Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S) such as metabolic adaptations and premature osteoporosis have also been reported in male cyclists. This study aimed to determine how a 4-week mesocycle of intensified endurance training designed to increase performance, would affect markers of RED-S in well-trained male cyclists. Twenty-two participants (age: 33.5 ± 6.6 years, height: 181.4 ± 5.2 cm, weight: 76.5 ± 7.4 kg, pe…
Biomechanics of simulated versus natural cross-country sit skiing
2017
The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanics of cross-country sit-skiing in simulated and natural skiing. Thirteen international level athletes participated in a ski ergometer test (simulated conditions) and a test on snow in a ski-tunnel (natural conditions) using their personal sit-ski. Tests in both conditions were performed at individual maximal speed. When comparing the two conditions the main results were: (1) maximal speed in simulated conditions was lower (p < 0.05) but correlated well with the natural condition (r = 0.79, p < 0.001); (2) no differences in pole force variables were found; peak force (r = 0.77, p < 0.01) and average force (r = 0.78, p < 0.01) correla…
''The age-related decline in Olympic distance triathlon performance differs between males and females''
2013
Etter, F. | Knechtle, B. | Ruest, C. A. | Rosemann, T. | Lepers, R.; International audience; ''Aim. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the age-related declines in swimming, cycling, and running and overall race times between males and females in an Olympic distance triathlon, the 'Zurich Triathlon' in Switzerland. Methods. Swimming (1.5 km), cycling (40 km), running (10 km) and overall race times of 7939 total finishers (1666 females and 6273 males) from 2000 to 2010 in the "Zurich Triathlon" were analysed. Results. There was a significant (P50 years) 5 for cycling (>40 years) and for overall race time (>40 years). Conclusion. These data suggest that the age and gender int…