Search results for "auroch"

MANAGEMENT OF SEMI-WILD LARGE HERBIVORES’ GRAZING SITES IN LATVIA

2019

Large herbivores were a common part of European nature in the pre-agrarian times. With the development of farming and over-hunting, the number of wild large herbivores rapidly decreased. Wild horses and cattle became extinct. In the 1920-30’s, scientists created two new herbivore breeds that resembled the extinct aurochs and tarpans - Heck cattle and Konik horses. Nowadays the introduction of Heck cattle, Konik horses and other similar large herbivore breeds is widely used in specially protected nature territories (SPNT) as a strategic answer to the question – what should we do with the agricultural lands that have lost their economical meaning. Since 1999, semi-wild large herbivores are in…

Mechanisms of gastroprotection by transdermal nitroglycerin in the rat

1999

Nitric oxide (NO) donors prevent experimentally-induced gastric mucosal damage, but their clinical utility is limited by short duration of action or unsuitability of the pharmaceutical form employed. This study analyses the gastroprotection elicited by a clinically used mode of continuous administration of an NO donor, namely the nitroglycerin patch. Application to rats of a transdermal patch that releases doses of nitroglycerin comparable to those used in man (40, 80, 160 and 400 ng min(-1) rat(-1)) reduced gastric damage induced by indomethacin (25 mg kg(-1), p.o. or s.c.). The nitroglycerin patch (160 ng min(-1) rat(-1)) also diminished damage by oral administration (1 ml) of acidified b…

Experimental Studies on the Influence of Surfactants on Intestinal Absorption of Drugs Cefadroxil as model drug and sodium taurocholate as natural mo…

2011

The influence of the natural bile acid surfactant sodium taurocholate (CAS 81-24-3) on colic and duodenal (i.e. the proximal third of the small intestine) absorption of cefadroxil (CAS 50370-12-2) was studied using the in situ rat gut technique, and compared with the effect of sodium lauryl sulfate (CAS 151-21-3), the most widely used synthetic anionic surfactant. Previously, the stability, compatibility, and micelle-solubilization characteristics of taurocholate were assessed in order to correct, when necessary, the absorption results. White the passive absorption rate constants (kf, h-1) determined in colon in the presence of increasing lauryl sulfate concentrations showed an asymptotic v…

Epigenetic Regulation of Early- and Late-Response Genes in Acute Pancreatitis

2015

Abstract Chromatin remodeling seems to regulate the patterns of proinflammatory genes. Our aim was to provide new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms that control transcriptional activation of early- and late-response genes in initiation and development of severe acute pancreatitis as a model of acute inflammation. Chromatin changes were studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, nucleosome positioning, and determination of histone modifications in promoters of proinflammatory genes in vivo in the course of taurocholate-induced necrotizing pancreatitis in rats and in vitro in rat pancreatic AR42J acinar cells stimulated with taurocholate or TNF-α. Here we show that the upregulat…

Methods for diagnosing bile acid malabsorption: a systematic review

2019

Abstract Background Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) and bile acid-related diarrhea represent an under-recognized cause of chronic diarrhea mainly because of limited guidance on appropriate diagnostic and laboratory tests. We aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature in order to identify and compare the diagnostic accuracy of different diagnostic methods for patients with BAM, despite a proven gold standard test is still lacking. Methods A PubMed literature review and a manual search were carried out. Relevant full papers, evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of different methods for BAM, were assessed. Available data were analyzed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of each…

Adaptive Responses in Hepatic and Intestinal Cholesterogenesis Following Ileal Resection in the Rat

1974

On the origin and diversification of Podolian cattle breeds: testing scenarios of European colonization using genome-wide SNP data

2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring the Neolithic expansion, cattle accompanied humans and spread from their domestication centres to colonize the ancient world. In addition, European cattle occasionally intermingled with both indicine cattle and local aurochs resulting in an exclusive pattern of genetic diversity. Among the most ancient European cattle are breeds that belong to the so-called Podolian trunk, the history of which is still not well established. Here, we used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data on 806 individuals belonging to 36 breeds to reconstruct the origin and diversification of Podolian cattle and to provide a reliable scenario of the European colonization, throug…

Effect of tauroursodeoxycholic acid on bile acid-induced apoptosis in primary human hepatocytes

2000

Background/aims The accumulation of endogenous bile acids contributes to hepatocellular damage during cholestatic liver disease. To evaluate the potential role of apoptotic cell death due to increased concentrations of bile acids, primary human hepatocytes were treated with hydrophobic and hydrophilic bile acids. Because the Fas receptor–ligand system may mediate apoptosis in human liver cells, the effect of toxic bile acids on hepatocellular Fas receptor expression was evaluated. Materials and methods Primary human hepatocytes were incubated with 50 and 100 μM glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) and co-incubated with equimolar concentrations of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). To evaluate…