Search results for "aversion"
showing 10 items of 181 documents
Incentive Schemes, Private Information and the Double-Edged Role of Competition for Agents
2013
This paper examines the effect of imperfect labor market competition on the efficiency of compensation schemes in a setting with moral hazard and risk-averse agents, who have private information on their productivity. Two vertically differentiated firms compete for agents by offering contracts with fixed and variable payments. The superior firm employs both agent types in equilibrium, but the competitive pressure exerted by the inferior firm has a strong impact on contract design: For high degrees of vertical differentiation, i.e. low competition, low-ability agents are under-incentivized and exert too little effort. For high degrees of competition, high-ability agents are over-incentivized…
P-70REPEATED SOCIAL STRESS REVERSED ETHANOL-INDUCED CONDITIONED PLACE AVERSION IN MALE MICE
2015
Exposure to stressors can produce behavioural and neurochemical adaptations that render individuals more prone to drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviours. It is well know that stress experiences are a risk factor for alcohol abuse in humans and recent studies in animal models reported that repeated social stress increased alcohol consumption. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the long-term …
La personalidad de las sociedades. Descripción y dinámica
2018
[EN] Extraversion is considered as the fundamental and basic dimension of personality from the Unique Trait Personality Theory [1]. Extraversion, as temperamental dimension, involves cognitive dimensions such as racionality and emotionality. Carl Jung¿s theory of types [2] states a complex dynamics among these dimensions. From this theory a typology of personality arises. Amigó [3] adapted Jung¿s theory to applye it to societies. A reflexion about history is given by the dynamics of societies through time. This approach starts from Jung's idea of the opposite dimensions that complement and imprint movement, and from Amigó's theory about societies survivance [4], which argues that crises cau…
The Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS)
2006
The Jyvaskyla Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development is an ongoing long-term study that began in 1968. From the very beginning, data have been collected within a framework of emotional and behavioral regulation. This chapter presents the framework model and its theoretical rationales. Data collection waves are described, first, from childhood to adolescence, and second, in adulthood. Results on continuity in socioemotional behavior and its developmental background, problem behavior and health, and positive development are presented so as not to overlap with results in the other chapters of this book. INTRODUCTION The title of the Jyvaskyla Longitudinal Study of Personality…
Associations between the dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphisms and personality traits in elite athletes.
2019
Personality traits and temperament may affect sports performance. Previous studies suggest that dopamine may play an important role in behavior regulation and physical exercise performance. The aim of this study is to determine associations between dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4 Ex3) polymorphisms and personality traits (such as neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeability and conscientiousness) in elite combat athletes. A total of 302 physically active, unrelated, self-reported Caucasian participants were recruited for this study. The participants consisted of 200 elite male combat athletes and 102 healthy male participants (control group). For personality trait measurements, the NEO…
Behavioral Inhibition Underlies the Link Between Interoceptive Sensitivity and Anxiety-Related Temperamental Traits
2017
Interoceptive sensitivity is a biologically determined, constitutional trait of an individual. High interoceptive sensitivity has been often associated with proneness to anxiety. This association has been explained by elevated autonomic responsiveness in anxious individuals. However, in a heartbeat discrimination task (discrimination of heartbeats’ simultaneity to an external stimulus) low cardiac responsiveness has accompanied enhanced performance. The relation between these factors seems task dependent, and cannot comprehensively explain the link between interoceptive sensitivity and anxiety. We explored for additional explanatory factors for this link. More specifically, we studied which…
Dynamic Risk Taking with Bonus Schemes
2014
This paper studies dynamic risk taking by a risk-averse manager who receives a bonus; the company may default on its contractual obligations (debt and fixed compensation). We show that risk taking is time independent, and is summarized by the so-called risk aversion of derived utility. We highlight the importance of dynamic aspects and provide a foundation for common qualitative discussions that are based on characteristics of bonus functions. The paper cautions that deferral of fixed compensation may increase risk taking. Finally, we motivate a new bonus scheme that incentivizes the manager to implement the socially optimal risk level.
serrano gene and NaCl perception
2010
Gustatory information is considered to be important for animals to control behavior when they seek for food or partners. 60 members of gustatory receptor (Gr) genes have been identified in Drosophila.. However little is now about mechanisms of taste perception and transduction in response to stimuli. In order to identify new genes involved in gustation, we performed a genetic screen using Gal4-UAS system based on expression of the reporter gene in chemosensory organs and gustatory defects in larvae and adults. We identified the serrano (sano) gene, which encodes a 778 aa protein with a leucine zipper domain, a putative transmembrane domain, and putative bipartite nuclear localization signal…
Positive Predictive Value of Extraversion in Diagnosing L2 WTC
2021
Willingness to communicate in a foreign/second language (L2 WTC) is now considered an influential variable underlying the second and foreign language learning processes. It is also perceived in terms of a fundamental goal of second language education, because its higher levels result in a greater desire to practise oral communication, bringing about successful language learning. According to the pyramid model of L2 WTC, it is rooted in personality which produces both distal and enduring influences on a student’s verbal behaviour. It can thus be expected that extraversion, a personality dimension identified with energy and enthusiasm and characterised by sensitivity to reward and sociability…
The effects of personality, risk and other-regarding attitudes on trust and reciprocity
2022
Abstract This paper reports experimental results on the determinants of trust and reciprocity in the context of a genuinely sequential, binary Trust Game. Apart from behavior in the main experiment, subjects’ risk attitudes and inequality aversion are elicited, as well as the traits of neuroticism and agreeableness, captured through the five-factor model. The findings suggest that trustors’ (first movers) behavior is affected by their loss aversion, while trustees’ (second movers) reciprocal behavior is not explained by any of their other-regarding attitudes, but, rather, by their agreeableness.