Search results for "back"
showing 10 items of 2078 documents
Decreasing Phanerozoic extinction intensity as a consequence of Earth surface oxygenation and metazoan ecophysiology
2021
The decline in background extinction rates of marine animals through geologic time is an established but unexplained feature of the Phanerozoic fossil record. There is also growing consensus that the ocean and atmosphere did not become oxygenated to near-modern levels until the mid-Paleozoic, coinciding with the onset of generally lower extinction rates. Physiological theory provides us with a possible causal link between these two observations-predicting that the synergistic impacts of oxygen and temperature on aerobic respiration would have made marine animals more vulnerable to ocean warming events during periods of limited surface oxygenation. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that chang…
Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with the positions of nearby active galactic nuclei
2008
Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory provide evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of the cosmic rays with the ighest-energies, which are correlated with the positions of relatively nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN) [Pierre Auger Collaboration, Science 318 (2007) 938]. The correlation has maximum significance for cosmic rays with energy greater than ~6 x 1019 eV and AGN at a distance less than ~75 Mpc. We have confirmed the anisotropy at a confidence level of more than 99% through a test with parameters specified a priori, using an independent data set. The observed correlation is compatible with the hypothesis that cosmic rays with the highest-energies originate fro…
Psychomotor disadaptation syndrome
2020
Psychomotor disadaptation syndrome (PDS) was first described by the Geriatrics School of Dijon (France), three decades ago, under the name «psychomotor regression syndrome». Over time, the original clinical features remained unchanged. However, progress has been made in its pathophysiology understanding and care, hence the new name, PDS, appeared in the 1990s. The PDS is also called sub-cortico-frontal dysfunction syndrome since the 2000s. It corresponds to a decompensation of posture, gait and psychomotor automatisms, related to an alteration of the postural and motor programming, which is a consequence of sub-cortico-frontal lesions. The clinical features of PDS associate backward disequi…
Synchronie entre l'offre et la demande dans le cycle des nutriments: apprendre des écosystèmes naturels pour construire des agrosystèmes durables
2023
Redesigning agrosystems with more ecological regulations can help feed a growing population, preserve soils for future productivity and reduce environmental impacts. However, guidelines for redesigning agrosystems from natural systems are limited. Reviewing the last knowledge of ecosystem functioning, we outlined four ecological systems synchronizing the supply of soluble nutrients by soil biota to fluctuating plant nutrient demand. This synchrony limits deficiencies and excesses of soluble nutrient, which usually penalize both production and regulating services of agrosystems such as nutrient retention and soil carbon storage. We detail how ecological systems promoting synchrony can be ins…
Les maladies du bois de la vigne : recherches pour apporter des solutions de lutte aux Professionnels
2017
Les travaux réalisés sur deux maladies du bois de la vigne (esca, BDA) ont montré leur effet sur la récolte et la croissance de la pousse printanière qui était annulé deux années après l’apparition des symptômes. Ces maladies ont aussi conduit à des modifications des propriétés analytiques des moûts et des vins. Les vins issus de raisins collectés sur des ceps symptomatiques n’étaient pas toujours les plus dépréciés. Les études effectuées sur le cycle biologique ont permis de mettre au point des outils pour différencier les individus de deux espèces de Botryosphaeriaceae et des outils d’hybridation in situ qui permettront de les localiser précisément dans les tissus. Elles ont aussi identif…
Environmental spillovers and their impacts on housing prices: A spatial hedonic analysis
2015
This paper investigates the spatial dimension of environmental factors on housing prices. We develop spatial hedonic models to estimate the implicit prices of various environmental attributes. The spatial dimension can be interpreted in terms of local or global spillovers. We conduct an empirical study in the Loire estuary (France). We focus on natural areas and more artificialized ones (ocean frontage, wetlands, rivers, and noisy roads). We show that, depending on the spatial model used, the implicit price is more than just the estimated coefficient value and combines both a feedback effect and a propagation effect.
From the Scientific Revolution to Rock: Toward a Sociology of Feedback
2007
International audience; For many people, rock's primal scene is set in a recording studio, in Memphis, in 1954. There, three musicians (Scotty Moore, Bill Black and Elvis Presley), a producer/engineer (Sam Phillips) and a tape recorder (Ampex) create a song ('All Right Mama') that durably transforms the physiognomy of music. In this article, I examine the technological, political and intellectual circumstances that made this event possible. One word holds pride of place in my discussion: feedback, a mode of organisation that originated in British scientific laboratories of the eighteenth century. 2 1 A great " thank you " to my sciences studies' mentors Jean-Paul Gaudillière and Ilana Löwy,…
Evaluating the Public's Reaction to Simulated Alerts on Mobile Phones in France: Scale Effects, and Challenges
2022
International audience; In case of sudden and extreme life-threatening situation, the most efficient system fulfils the requirement of mobile phone emergency alerting information services. But how much information and what type of content must be used in a textual message, and how adapt this alert to a large audience and diversified contexts? This paper proposes to address this challenge, 1) by presenting results obtained in France during simulated "alerting days", with sampling revealing the perception and understanding of SMS and CB by a non-specialized audience (161 respondents), and 2) by comparing findings obtained in different contexts (students and teaching staff in a university, cri…
Anthropology’s Payback: The Gastronomic Meal of the French. The Ethnographic Elements of a Heritage Distinction
2012
International audience
Sur l’importance des disques et du recording dans la musique populaire et la techno
2005
International audience; Depuis qu'Edison a inventé le phonographe un nouveau mode de stockage de la musique est venu s'ajouter au corps des individus et à la notation : les disques. Cela signifie, qu'en plus d'aller à la musique (jouer d'un instrument ou assister à un évènement musical), la musique vient à nous. C'est donc par l'intermédiaire des enregistrements que, dans une très grande mesure, nous découvrons, aimons, apprenons et transmettons la musique. Autrement dit, ce que l'on appelait jadis, et assez improprement, la culture orale, a trouvé son médium, un objet léger et bourré d'informations précieuses qui circule et s'échange facilement.