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Review of Particle Physics
2020
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, …
Side‐on Coordination in Isostructural Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Complexes of Nickel
2021
Abstract A nickel complex incorporating an N2O ligand with a rare η2‐N,N′‐coordination mode was isolated and characterized by X‐ray crystallography, as well as by IR and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy augmented by 15N‐labeling experiments. The isoelectronic nickel CO2 complex reported for comparison features a very similar solid‐state structure. Computational studies revealed that η2‐N2O binds to nickel slightly stronger than η2‐CO2 in this case, and comparably to or slightly stronger than η2‐CO2 to transition metals in general. Comparable transition‐state energies for the formation of isomeric η2‐N,N′‐ and η2‐N,O‐complexes, and a negligible activation barrier for the decomposition of the lat…
5-6 gadu vecu bērnu komunikatīvās kompetences attīstība multikulturālā klasē
2018
Maģistra darba “5-6 gadīgu bērnu komunikatīvās kompetences attīstīšana multikulturālā klasē” galvenais mērķis bija saprast un analizēt, kā bērni dotajā vecuma grupā attīsta savu komunikatīvo kompetenci otrās valodas apguvē, ņemot vērā, ka valodas mācīšanās notiek iegremdēšanās tipa skolā un bērni nāk no dažādiem vidēm. Teorētiskā daļa kalpoja par pamatu komunikatīvās kompetences koncepta saprašanai un kā tā attiecās uz mūsdienu izglītības vidi. Ar savāktās izpratnes par kompleksiem komunikatīvās kompetences elementiem palīdzību kļuva iespējams pieiet 5-6 gadīgo bērnu komunikatīvās kompetences novērtēšanai otrā valodā. Komunikatīvā kompetence tika analizēta, izmantojot novērošanu, intervijas…
Spectral dynamics of incoherent waves with a noninstantaneous nonlinear response
2013
We study the influence of a constant background noise on the dynamics of spectral incoherent solitons, which are incoherent structures sustained by a noninstantaneous (Raman-like) nonlinearity. As the level of the noise background increases, the incoherent wave enters a novel nonlinear regime characterized by oscillatory dynamics of the incoherent spectrum, which develop within a spectral cone during the propagation. In contrast to the conventional Raman-like spectral red shift, such incoherent spectral dynamics can be characterized by a significant spectral blue shift. On the basis of the kinetic wave theory, we derive explicit analytical expressions of these incoherent oscillatory spectra…
Finnish EFL learners' perceptions on errors, corrective feedback and foreign language anxiety
2012
Virheiden merkitys vieraiden kielten oppimisessa on tunnustettu aina 1970-luvulta lähtien, jolloin virheet alettiin nähdä välttämättömänä osana kielen ja sen sääntöjen oppimista. Virheiden tekemiseen vieraan kielen opiskelussa liittyy oleellisena osana opettajan oppijoille antama korjaava palaute (corrective feedback). Opettajan ja oppilaan vuorovaikutuksen, jota korjaava palaute osaltaan edustaa, on kuitenkin todettu voivan aiheuttaa oppijoissa ahdistuneisuutta ja pelkoa (anxiety). Tässä tutkielmassa kartoitetaan, millaisia suullisia virheitä suomalaiset yhdeksäsluokkalaiset englannin kielen oppitunneilla tekevät ja miten noloina he niitä pitävät. Tarkoituksena on myös selvittää, miten he …
Film, music and induced mixed-emotion
2011
This Master's Thesis examines the relationship between film, music and induced mixed-emotion with particular focus on the effect of semantic congruency and musical background on emotion ratings. This study provides further understanding of which emotions are felt during film watching and provide an answer to whether or not there is a difference between musicians' and non-musicians' emotional reactions. A brief overview of emotion research conducted with audio and visual stimuli, as well as in film, is provided. The discussion includes the following topics: visual primacy, semantic congruency and cognitivst/emotivist theory. The difference between musicians and non-musicians as supported by …
Trade And Environment: A Historical Perspective
2015
Abstract The relation between international trade and environmental and social issues has deep historical roots, having been manifest ever since the first industrial revolution. Ironically, the expansion of industrial activities marked, besides the exit from economic backwardness, the commencement of an inexorable war of men against nature. Concomitantly industrialization laid the groundwork for an explosive increase in international trade, which made the latter responsible for increasing environment degradation and social rights infringement. The removal of trade barriers in the first decades after the Second World War as well as the subsequent regulation induced by globalization rendered …
Influence of the Cultural Background at Small and Medium Sized-Enterprises Innovations in Regional Dimension
2017
Research background: SME’s play crucial role in economy’s development. In EU they make up 99% of all enterprises and are at the forefront of technological innovations (Kotler et al., 1999, pp. 139-140; EC 2013, p. 2; Jasińska-Biliczak, 2016, p. 30). Being the flywheel for economies (Soininen et. al., 2012, p. 614) are called “hidden champions” of 20th century. Over past few years Europe-wide anal-yses (Griffin, 2004, p. 424) have emphasised the importance of investing in SME’s. Taking into consideration that cultural environment is the background to decisions: social, managerial, development (Hofstede et al., 2011, p. 46), so inno-vations, knowledge, skills and competences as well as cultur…
Comparative study of initial stages of copper immersion deposition on bulk and porous silicon
2013
Initial stages of Cu immersion deposition in the presence of hydrofluoric acid on bulk and porous silicon were studied. Cu was found to deposit both on bulk and porous silicon as a layer of nanoparticles which grew according to the Volmer-Weber mechanism. It was revealed that at the initial stages of immersion deposition, Cu nanoparticles consisted of crystals with a maximum size of 10 nm and inherited the orientation of the original silicon substrate. Deposited Cu nanoparticles were found to be partially oxidized to Cu2O while CuO was not detected for all samples. In contrast to porous silicon, the crystal orientation of the original silicon substrate significantly affected the sizes, dens…
Feedback Linearizing Control of Induction Motor Considering Magnetic Saturation Effects
2015
This paper presents an input-output feedback linearization (FL) control technique for rotating induction motors, which takes into consideration the magnetic saturation of the iron core. Starting from a new formulation of the dynamic model taking into consideration the magnetic saturation expressed in a space-state form in the rotor-flux-oriented reference frame, the corresponding FL technique has been developed. To this aim, a particular care has been given to the choice of nonlinear functions interpolating the magnetic parameters versus the rotor magnetizing current and the corresponding magnetic characteristic. The proposed FL technique has been tested experimentally on a suitably develop…