Search results for "background"

2021

Objectives: Inadequate oral hygiene still leads to many serious diseases all over the world. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze scientific research in the field of oral health in order to be able to comprehend their relevant subject areas, research connections, or developments. Methods: This study aimed to assess the global publication output on oral hygiene to create a world map that provides background information on key players, trends, and incentives of research. For this purpose, established bibliometric parameters were combined with state-of-the-art visualization techniques. Results: This study shows the actual key players of research on oral hygiene in high-income economies with …

Accessibility of eGovernment Web Sites: Towards a Collaborative Retrofitting Approach

2010

Published version of a chapter from the book: Computers Helping People with Special Needs.The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14097-6_75 Accessibility benchmarking is efficient to raise awareness and initiate competition. However, traditional benchmarking is of little avail when it comes to removing barriers from eGovernment web sites in practice. Regulations and legal enforcement may be helpful in a long-term perspective. For more rapid progress both vendors and web site maintainers are willing to take short-term action towards improvements, provided that clear advise is available. The approach of the eGovernment Monitoring pro…

Recent trends in rapid detection of influenza infections by bio and nanobiosensor

2018

Abstract A literature update has been made about the progress and improvements in the use of biosensors for sensitive, rapid and specific detection of influenza virus. Background information about influenza virus and its structure together with a general discussion about the characteristics and significant aspects of different types of biosensors were used as a frame to put inside the main recent developments on the use of nanobiosensors for the detection of influenza virus. Working criteria of biosensors and their applications in different species of influenza virus diagnosis have been the primary concern of this review, which critically discusses the main advantages and limitations of stu…

Cone-beam computed tomography and its applications in dental and maxillofacial radiology.

2020

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was first used in dental and maxillofacial radiology (DMFR) at the end of the 1990s. Since then, it has been successfully established as the standard three-dimensional radiographic imaging technique in DMFR, with a wide variety of applications in this field. This manuscript briefly reviews the background information on the technology and summarises available data on effective dose and dose optimisation. In addition, typical clinical applications and indications of the technique in DMFR are presented.

The Southern African Development Community (SADC): An Analytical Overview of Its History, Policies and Institutional Framework

2017

This chapter gives fundamental background information about the history and development of regionalism in Southern Africa and about the current state of the SADC as a modern regional integration organisation. In terms of an analytical overview, Muntschick reflects briefly on the formation, character and objectives of the region’s old regionalisms such as the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), the Frontline States (FLS) and particularly the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference (SADCC) as predecessors of the SADC. Also, this chapter turns to the new regionalism and provides detailed information on the SADC as an organisation, its member states, key agenda and central poli…

Principles and Elements of Risk Management – Data and Initial Conditions

2014

This chapter is devoted to furnishing background information on Risk Management, explaining the string of steps that comprise it, and the use of techniques within it, as well as their relationships. The chapter follows the widely accepted sequence for risk identification, assessment, execution, remediation and control; it starts with some basic definitions and, in its first topic, analyzes the sources for risks, considering internal and external risks and opportunities. It follows with a guide for identifying and managing risks in different areas of a project and suggests appropriate tools and techniques for each one. Completion of sequence sensitivity analysis, a subject developed in full …

Adherence to international guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection among gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows in I…

2021

Background: Information on the management of Helicobacter (H.) pylori infection by gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows are scarce. We aimed to assess practice of gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows and their adherence to guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection in Italy. Materials and Methods: All gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows attending the National Congress of Digestive Diseases - FISMAD were invited to fill-in an on-line questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection. Results: A total of 279 gastroenterologists and 61 gastroenterology fellows participated to the stu…

An Easy Assessment of Frailty at Baseline Independently Predicts Prognosis in Very Elderly Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes.

2017

Background: Information about the impact of frailty in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is scarce. No study has assessed the prognostic impact of frailty as measured by the FRAIL scale in very elderly patients with ACS. Methods: The prospective multicenter LONGEVO-SCA registry included unselected patients with ACS aged 80 years or older. A comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed during hospitalization, including frailty assessment by the FRAIL scale. The primary endpoint was mortality at 6 months. Results: A total of 532 patients were included. Mean age was 84.3 years, 61.7% male. Most patients had positive troponin levels (84%) and high GRACE risk score values (mean 16…

Bruhat–Tits Trees and Modular Groups

2019

In this chapter, we give background information and preliminary results on the main link between the geometry and the algebra used for our arithmetic applications: the (discrete-time) geodesic ow on quotients of Bruhat{Tits trees by arithmetic lattices.

Probabilities of conditionals and previsions of iterated conditionals

2019

Abstract We analyze selected iterated conditionals in the framework of conditional random quantities. We point out that it is instructive to examine Lewis's triviality result, which shows the conditions a conditional must satisfy for its probability to be the conditional probability. In our approach, however, we avoid triviality because the import-export principle is invalid. We then analyze an example of reasoning under partial knowledge where, given a conditional if A then C as information, the probability of A should intuitively increase. We explain this intuition by making some implicit background information explicit. We consider several (generalized) iterated conditionals, which allow…